【摘要】 碳纳米材料(carbon nanomaterials, CNMs)是一类具有优异物理化学特性的新型材料. CNMs在广泛应用过程中不可避免地进入环境,对环境中的生物体造成一定危害.同时,环境中的CNMs在自然条件下可能会发生降解,而降解后的CNMs由于材料结构和性质上的改变进而影响其生物毒性.因此,亟需对CNMs环境降解途径系统地进行探究和总结.本综述围绕CNMs的生物降解和非生物降解这两种主要的降解方式展开.生物降解包括酶降解、细菌降解和细胞降解,非生物降解则重点阐述了光降解和(光)化学降解这两大过程.通过系统总结降解的反应条件、降解终点、中间产物和终产物等降解特性,最终揭示了CNMs环境降解的规律和机制.此外,我们结合尚未明了的降解机制和降解的环境限制条件对CNMs降解研究中面临的挑战和发展方向进行了展望.本综述为深入理解CNMs的环境归趋和长期环境风险提供了重要的理论支持.更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon nanomaterials(CNMs) with unique physicochemical properties are widely applied in various fields,thus inevitably being released into the environment and posing threat to organisms and human beings. Simultaneously,CNMs in the environment could be degraded under natural conditions, and the toxicity of CNMs to organisms will be altered because of the changes in the structural and surface properties of CNMs. Therefore, a systematical summarization on the environmental degradation of CNMs is in urgent need. In this review, degradation routes of CNMs were addressed by dividing into biodegradation and abiotic degradation. Biodegradation included enzymatic degradation, microbial degradation, and cell degradation, while abiotic degradation included photodegradation and chemical(photochemical) degradation. All the above degradation routes were elaborated in the present review. The degradation of CNMs in different natural conditions was thoroughly summarized, and the degradation mechanisms were also concluded. In addition, current challenges on the investigations of CNMs degradation were prospected. The review could provide important information for better understanding the environmental fates and biological effects of CNMs.更多还原