【摘要】 总结了对伸展构造研究的进展和造山带伸展构造在地壳演化中的重要地质意义；从岩石圈抗拉强度方面阐述了伸展构造的发育位置和造山带伸展构造的普遍性；对造山带伸展构造的阶段性和多样性以及各阶段的特征进行了论述；概述了同收缩伸展构造的多种机制并从深部和浅部作用两方面对造山后（包括末期）伸展构造机制进行了综述。重点对造山带伸展构造的共轴与非共轴两种机制进行了探讨，确定了两种机制的不同特点，讨论了成因，并提出了判别共轴与非共轴机制的定量与定性方法更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper summarizes the progress made in the study of extensional tectonics and the importance of orogenic extensions in the evolution of lithosphere.The locations of extensions and the universality of orogenic extensions are explained with the tensile strength of lithosphere.An exposition is given to the variety and multi stage property of orogenic extensions.The characters of each stage are discribed.Various mechanisms are outlined for syn shortening extensions and those for late orogenic extensions are investigated from deep and shallow processes.This paper discusses the coaxial and non coaxial mechanisms of the orogenic extensions as a focal point, defines the characteristics of each mechanism,researches their origins,and more importantly,puts forward the quantitative and qualitative methods to determine the mechanism which dominates the extension.更多还原