【作者】 吴斌；

【导师】 杨公平； 蒋大旭；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 计算机技术， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 数据采集和监控系统(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)简称SCADA,是以计算机为基础的生产过程控制与调度自动化系统,是用于现场检测和自动化管理技术。它对现场运行的设备而进行监视和控制,以实现数据采集、设备控制、测量、参数调节以及各类信号报警等各项功能。以该技术建立的系统能够采集现场的数据并通过通信网络传输到调控中心,由控制中心根据根据预先设定的程序远程控制设备。SCADA系统在电力、石油化工、城市供水、供热、供气等行业得到了广泛应用。它可以实时采集现场数据,对现场实行本地或远程的自控控制,对供气过程进行全面、实时监视,并未生产、调度和管理提供必要的参数依据。天然气输气站作为现代化城市重要的公用基础设施是现代文明的标志之一,同时,又是国家能源建设的重要组成部分,天然气输气站的特点是：分布式、集散型、网络化、全开放。目前,在大多数城市燃气输配管网中,对个输气站的监控仍然采用人工记录、逐级汇报的方法。同时生产操作人员需要亲在易燃易爆的现场操作输气场站设备、调节天然气工艺状态、有时甚至需要多人配合协调完成工艺参数的调节,在中控的生产调度人员往往得不到及时的信息,现场生产工艺状况往往滞后,而且只能获取整点信息,不能在第一时间分析输气站生产运行状况,及时下达合理的生产指令。在此背景下,为满足对生产过程的调度指挥,建立数字化、信息化城市,降低人工成本、节约劳动力、降低安全风险,需要可靠的SCADA系统。SCADA的出现,大大对分部距离远,生产单位分散的生产系统以及危险区域的一些数据采集、监视和控制得到了很好的改善。因此,本人选择天然气输气场站SCADA系统为课题加以设计并实现。本文通过对天然气输气站系统设计的实现,通过探讨了SCADA关键技术的应用及主要硬件组成,设计了基于光传输通信技术的SCADA数据采集系统、监控系统。重点介绍了利用光缆对输气站压力、流量等数据的实时采集与传送,同时对SCADA系统所设计的相关知识进行了介绍。决定SCADA系统功能的主要是应用软件,因此本系统以In touch为开发平台,结合光通信技术、网络编程技术设计并实现了输气场站SCADA系统。系统建设分为两步分建设,一部分为硬件建设,另一部分为软件建设即工控组态。硬件建设组要包括现场智能变送器的选取、流量计量装置的选取、PLC硬件的选择及架构、通信网络的设计及架构、服务器及工控机的选取等；软件建设主要包括组态软件的选取、组态软件的开发、数据库的建立、PLC程序的编制等工作。系统设计及建设过程中,遵照安全、可靠、统一的原则圆满地完成了设计需求。实践证明,该系统数据传输精确、经济可靠,效率较高,能够满足现场监控的需要。最后,对全文的工作进行了总结,指出了今后有待进一步完成的工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition is called SCADA for short, which is a system of the production process control and dispatching automation, is the techniques used for detecting on site and automation management. It can be used to monitor and control to the equipments on the site, so as to achieve data acquisition, equipments control, measuring and parameter adjustment as well as the regulations of a variety of signal alarm and so on. The system that established based on the techniques can be used for data acquisition on the site, then the data is sent to the controlling center through communication network, then the controlling center can do remote control to the equipments. SCADA system has been widely used in power, petrochemical, urban water supply, heating, gas and other industries. It can collect the data on the site in real-time, it can also achieve local and remote self-controlled, monitor the process of gas supply comprehensively and in real-time and provide necessary parameter basis for production, scheduling and management.The Natural Gas Transmission Stations that treated as important public infrastructures of modern cities is one symbol of modern civilizations, at the same time, it is an important component of the country’s energy construction, and the features of the gas transmission station are:Dispersed, Distributed, network-based and full-open. At present, in the net of gas transmission of most urban, the monitoring to the transmission distributions still uses manual record level-reporting methods. At the same time, production operators need to operate gas station equipments and adjust the natural gas techniques situation in inflammable and explosive field. Sometimes it is necessary to use more operators complete process parameters adjustment with coordination. The production scheduling staff can not get information timely in the control center. They could just obtain the integral point information due to on-site production process lag. They can not analysis gas station production status immediately, so that can not give timely reasonable production instruction. In this context, In order to meet the scheduling command in the production process, build the digital and information-based cities, the reliable SCADA system are needed.SCADA has improved the data collection, monitor and controlling of the distanced production systems, which has dispersed production units and risk regions. Therefore, I choose SCADA system of the natural gas transmission station as the subject for the design and achieve.In this thesis, through the system design and achievement of the gas transmission station, through the discussion of SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)system key techniques application and the composition of the main hardware, the SCADA data acquisition system and monitoring system based on optical transmission communications technology is designed.The thesis focuses on using the pressure, flow of the optical cable to the gas transmission station for data acquisition and transmission, at the same time the paper introduces the relevant knowledge of SCADA system design. and the main application software that determine the functions of SCADA system, so the system adopts In touch as a development platform, combined with optical communication techniques, network programming technology, designed and achieved SCADA system of the gas transmission station.The system construction can be divided to steps, one is hardware construction, and the other is software construction that is industrial configuration. The hardware construction mainly includes:selection of the intelligent transmitter on the site, the flow metering devices and PLC hardware as well as the design of the architecture and communication network and selection of the architecture and server etc; The software construction mainly includes:the selection of configuration software, configuration software development, database creation, PLC programming and so on. The process of design and construction of the system has met the design requirements successfully in accordance with the principle of safe, reliable and uniform. The practice has proved that the system has the features:data accurate, economic and reliable, efficient and it can be able to meet the needs of on-site monitoring.Finally, the summary of paper indicated the work that need to be finished further.更多还原