【作者】 李沙；

【导师】 谭外元；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 《红楼梦》是关于我国封建社会末期社会生活的一部百科全书,蕴含着丰富的文化内涵。然而该作品中文化缺省的现象大量存在。文化缺省指的是作者在与其意向读者交流时双方共有的相关文化背景知识的省略。如何对文化缺省成分进行补偿翻译,使原作者的意图为译入语读者所了解,是翻译作品面临的挑战。《红楼梦》两全译本的作者杨宪益、戴乃迭和大卫·霍克斯、敏福德处于不同的文化背景,对文化缺省现象采取了不同的文化取向。杨译以源语文化为归宿,霍译以目的语文化为导向。不同的文化取向决定了不同的翻译策略。可以认为杨译倾向于异化翻译策略,而霍译则倾向于归化。然而采用不同的方法翻译的作品,为什么均成佳作呢?本文运用关联理论对译作进行分析。关联理论是一种关于认知和交际的理论,在翻译中的运用为翻译研究和实践提供了新的视角和新的方法。该理论把翻译看作是一种交际行为,认为翻译是一种对原语进行语际问阐释的明示-推理活动。对话语的理解与诠释则依据最佳关联,以期达到译文和原文在显性义和暗含义上最贴近的相似,使原文作者的意图为译入语读者所理解。我们可以根据关联原则来判断译者的翻译策略,这就摆脱了传统上的内容与形式、直译与意译、归化与异化的争论,提出了新的评判标准。本文以关联理论为依据,对比分析两英译本对文化缺省成分的传递,并分析其原因以及不同译本的语境效果。通过分析比较,笔者以为:杨宪益的译作着重于保存原语文化精髓,使译入语读者获得外来文化的美感,读者需要更多的推导努力;而霍克斯主要采用了归化法,以使译入语读者产生共鸣,但与原作的语境效果显然不同。虽然译者的翻译方法不同,但只要遵循了最佳关联原则,就可以说是合适的翻译方法。因此译者应根据不同的翻译目的,特定的语境采取不同的翻译策略。在此,作者试图得出以下结论:与传统的忠实原则相比,最佳关联原则在翻译中的运用使翻译更具灵活性和动态性,也能达到文化上的忠实。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hong Lou Meng, one of well-known Chinese classical novels, viewed as an encyclopedia of the late feudal society in China, is closely connected with Chinese culture. On the one hand, it is just the fascination of its profound cultural connotation and language art that attracts a number of scholars and translators doing the translation work about it. On the other hand, due to its abundance in cultural content, the translation of the novel is regarded as a challenging task. Meanwhile, cultural default is one of the factors that make for this difficulty. Cultural default, defined as the absence of the relevant cultural background knowledge shared by the writer and his intended reader, is a culture-specific communication phenomenon which numerously exists in Hong Lou Meng. To compensate the cultural default constituents in translation seems a challenge for it requires translators to have good bi-cultural competence. What is more, treatment with the cultural default is essential for effective translation.Hong Lou Meng has been translated into English and some other languages such as German, Japanese, French, and Russian. By now, the novel has two influential translations offered by Chinese couple Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang and British translators David Hawkes and John Minford, i.e. A Dream of Red Mansions and The Story of the Stone. With different cultural backgrounds, translators of the two English versions have different cultural orientations in rendering the novel. Yang’s version is source language culture oriented whereas Hawkes’ target language culture oriented, which determines translation strategies to be adopted. One may assert Yangs’ version is close to foreignization whereas Hawkes’ domestication. Why do we regard these two English versions with different translation approaches both classic? This question will be answered from the perspective of relevance theory (RT).RT is a theory about communication and cognition, the adoption of which in translation field provides new perspective and effective translation approaches for translation research and practice. In the light of RT, translation, considered as an act of communication, is defined as an interlingual ostensive-inferential interpretive act, in which the comprehension and interpretation of utterance depends on optimal relevance. Translation with optimal relevance achieves the closest relevance in implicature and explicature between the source and target texts, fulfilling meeting the intention of the author with the expectation of target language (TL) readers. According to RT, translators have right to choose appropriate translation strategies as long as they are consistent with principle of optimal relevance. In addition, the application of RT avoids the argument between content and form, literal and free translation, domestication and foreignization. This thesis attempts to make a comparison about the transmission of cultural default constituents in the two English versions, so as to find what exact approaches different translators choose to deal with cultural default in Hong Lou Meng. In addition, the thesis also discusses how such strategies are taken and what contextual effects could be achieved.Through comparative analysis, the author considers that Yangs’ version keeps original cultural flavor and holds the same aesthetic effect in the TL but the version causes much more processing effort on the part of the intended readers, whereas Hawkes’ domestication strategy transfers necessary information but may fail to produce the same contextual effect in TL readers’ mind. Therefore, the thesis endeavors to draw a conclusion that though the translators may take quite different approaches in dealing with the cultural default in Hong Lou Meng, the approaches are justified on condition that they are consistent with the principle of optimal relevance. Translators could vary translation techniques with various translation purposes and in different contexts. On the basis of this, the author makes a tentative conclusion that comparing with the traditional faithfulness principle, the guidance of optimal relevance in translation is more flexible and dynamic and can achieve faithfulness in culture.更多还原