【作者】 梁青；

【导师】 陈学森；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 果树学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 远缘杂交是种质创新的有效途径之一,针对果树远缘杂交的不亲和性及远缘杂种的不育性,本实验室进行了樱桃远缘杂交及胚挽救试验的研究。试验于2004～2005年在山东农业大学果树生物学实验室和山东农业大学泰安市横岭果树育种基地进行樱桃远缘杂交试验。所用母本试材包括红灯、那翁、先锋、杂优1号等4个欧洲甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）品种,父本试材包括五莲红樱桃、五莲黄樱桃、平度长把红及莱阳长把红等4个中国樱桃（Prunus pseudocerasus L.）品种。探讨了不同强度静电场处理以及不同亲本品种对樱桃远缘杂交不亲和性以及对杂种胚萌发生长和多丛芽再生的效果,优化了樱桃杂种胚抢救体系;成功地将一批远缘杂种胚培苗定植于大田,并采用叶片形态学、流式细胞仪及RAPD标记等方法对杂种胚培苗进行了鉴定。主要结果如下:1.用强度为333～434 kV·m^-1的静电场处理花粉对提高樱桃远缘杂交坐果率、克服杂交不亲和性具有明显作用。其中在那翁×五莲红樱桃及杂优1号×五莲红樱桃的杂交组合中,以333.33 kV·m^-1处理的效果最好,其坐果率分别为23.8%和13.0%,分别是对照的5.8倍和3.5倍;而在红灯×五莲红樱桃组合中,以434 kV·m^-1处理坐果率最高（10.57%）,是对照（6.35%）的1.67倍。2.用场强为333～474 kV·m^-1电场处理后的花粉进行樱桃远缘杂交,杂种胚成苗率,真叶数和苗高均高于对照,表明适宜场强的静电场处理确实对促进杂种胚萌发生长具有积极的作用。经不同场强的静电场处理后,杂种苗的从芽分化增殖能力也存在明显差异,其中经333～474 kV·m^-1处理的增殖系数及胚芽梢平均生长量明显高于对照,差异达到显著或极显著水平,特别是经333.33 kV·m^-1处理,其增殖系数及胚芽梢平均生长量分别是对照的2倍和1.8倍,且多丛芽生长健壮。静电场的场强过低或过高都不利于多丛芽的诱导与增殖。3.不同杂交组合的坐果率差异显著。在同一母本中的各杂交组合坐果率差异均达到显著水平,其中以五莲红樱桃作父本的杂交组合坐果率最高（≥4.14%）,以平度长把红为父本的组合坐果率最低;在同一父本的杂交组合中,以红灯为母本的平均杂交坐果率较高。其中,以红灯×五莲红更多还原

【Abstract】 Hybridizations between species and genera are one of effective approaches to create new germplasms. Aiming at the cross-incompatibility and hybrid sterility, interspecific hybridization was conducted between diploid European sweet cherry （Prunus avium L.） and tetraploid Chinese cherry （Prunus pseudocerasus L.）, and the experiments were conducted at the‘Heling’Fruit Breeding Experimental Station and the Fruit Biology Laboratory of Shandong Agricultural University, from 2004 to 2005. Three sweet cherry cultivars,‘Hongdeng’,‘Napoleon’,‘Xianfeng’and‘Zayou No.1’, were used as the female parent, and‘Wulian Red Cherry’,‘Wulian Yellow Cherry’,‘Pingdu Cherry’and‘Laiyang Cherry’as male parent. The effects of electrostatic field and varieties on cross compatibility and embryo rescue of distant hybrids were studied, and the embryo rescue system was optimized, and after rooting and acclimation, some hybrids were successfully transferred to soil. In addition, relationship between hybrid and parents were identified by flow cytometry, morphological characteristics analysis, RAPD and so on. The results showed that:1. An electrostatic dosage of 333⁴34 kV·m^-1 could effectively increase fruit set, and improve the distant cross compatibility between European sweet cherry and Chinese cherry. For example, d2 (333.33 kV·m^-1) induced a high fruit set in crosses‘Napoleon’בWulian Red cherry’（23.8%） and‘Zayou No.1’בWulian Red cherry’（13.0%）. But when‘Hongdeng’was used as female parent, with the treatment d3 (434 kV·m^-1), the fruit set was 1.67 times higher （10.57%） than without treatment （6.35%）.2. With 333⁴74 kV·m^-1 treatment, the rate of germination and growth of hybrid embryos was higher than the untreatment. Consequently, an appropriate electrostatic dosage could improve the germination and growth of hybrid embryos. And in the electrostatic field pollen treatment by 333⁴74 kV·m^-1, the subsequent bud multiplication coefficient and average shoot height were significantly higher than the control. Among them, in treatment 333.33 kV·m^-1,更多还原