【作者】 刘海燕；

【导师】 郭学贤；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 正义是人类思想史的永恒主题。不同的社会历史时期,不同的理论流派,界定的正义内涵各不相同。本文主要探讨的是当代自由主义者罗尔斯和诺齐克在正义问题上各自倾向的平等和权利两种纬度。论文正文分为四个部分:第一部分是阐释罗尔斯的观点,正义即公平。通过对原初状态的社会契约和两个正义基本原则的分析,得出罗尔斯在协调自由与平等冲突时倾向于突出平等,其正义观充满了康德式的调和和折衷的特点,有利于缓和协调社会冲突。第二部分是阐释诺齐克的观点,正义即个人权利。通过对最弱意义的国家和个人权利及持有正义三原则的分析,得出诺齐克秉承自由主义的传统,强调天赋人权.第三部分是分析罗尔斯和诺齐克论战的分歧和契合。诺齐克指出,罗尔斯的正义原则是结果正义,是模式化的原则,而自己的权利原则是历史正义,是非模式化原则。并在社会合作、天赋和分配上提出不同的主张。但在反功利主义上,两人均强调权利优于善的伦理主张。通过分析也发现,无论是罗尔斯还是诺齐克,都是借助外在制度规范人的行为,而忽视了人的内在价值。第四部分是通过两种正义理论的分析来看对中国社会伦理构建的启示。主要是从不同的历史背景,从个人和集体的角度,从制度正义和个人正义的关系对中国社会正义模式进行探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 Justice is the eternal theme of the histroy of human thought. During the different social and historical periods, the content of justice was defined by the different theory schools vary. This artical mainly argue that the individual thought’s tendency toward the justice issue, which are about the equality and freedom of liberalism Rawls and Nuoqike.The paper is divided into four main parts:The first part is about the point Rawl depicted. Justice is fair. Through the two basic principles and social contract which is origin of state analysised, we confirm that Rawls had emphasized the equality in the coordination of freedom and equality.His justice theory is full of Kant-style that accommodation and compromise feature which helps to ease and harmonize the social conflicts.The second part is on Nuoqike’s perspective, Justice is the right of individuals. Through the significance of the weakest countries and the individual rights and the entitlement theory analysis, We confirm that Nuoqike had upholded the traditional liberalism which Stressed natural human rights.The third part is the analysis of the differences and the same of Rawls and Nuoqike’s theories. Nuoqike had said that the principle of justice of Rawls was only results, is the model of the principles, yet the principle of the entitlement theory was a historical justice, Non - modular principle. And in the social cooperation, the talent and the assignment proposes the different . But in counter- utilitarianism, Two person had emphasized the individual rights surpass the friendly ethics. Also discovered through the analysis, Rawls and Nuoqike all had supported the external system which standarded person’s behavior, But had neglected human’s intrinsic value.The fourth part is through two kinds of justice theories analyses to find out the enlightenment to the Chinese society ethics. Mainly is from the different historical background, from individual and collective angle, from the system justice and the individual ethic carries on the exploration to the Chinese society justice pattern.更多还原