【作者】 王敏敏；

【导师】 徐凌飞； 缑耀武；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2024， 硕士

【摘要】 品种单一,结构化过剩,品种区域布局不合理是制约我国梨产业发展的主要原因之一,本研究以引入到陕西蒲城试栽的梨品种及通过杂交选育获得的优系为试验材料,以果实品质、丰产性,抗病性指标作为评价目标,采用“合理-满意度”和多维价值理论合并规则对各个梨品种(系)进行综合比较分析,分别得出各品种(系)的‘复合合理-满意度’,筛选出适合陕西关中地区栽培的优良品种。主要研究结果如下:1.梨品种在陕西蒲城的适应性综合分析通过对各早熟梨品种的果实品质和丰产性分析发现,‘早酥蜜’的单果重最大,为247.56g;‘苏翠2号’的果实可溶性固形物最高,为12.35%;‘苏翠1号’和‘新梨7号’果实的可滴定酸含量最低,为0.08%;‘苏翠2号’的果肉硬度最小,为5.08kg/cm~2;‘新梨7号’石细胞含量最低,为0.21g/100g;在丰产性上,‘苏翠1号’的亩产量最高,为1881.01kg。在品种综合分析中,‘苏翠2号’、‘早酥蜜’和‘苏翠1号’的‘复合合理-满意度’分别为0.73、0.69、0.68,三者的表现较好,适合作为当地的优良早熟品种进行推广。通过对各中熟梨品种果实品质和丰产性分析发现,‘宁夏’的单果重最大,为356.86g;‘宁夏’果实的可溶性固形物含量最高,为13.82%;‘宁露’的可滴定酸含量最低,为0.07%;‘宁露’的果肉硬度最小,为4.5kg/cm~2;‘宁露’的石细胞含量最低,为0.125%;在丰产性上,‘夕阳红’的亩产量最高,为1352.15kg。在品种综合分析中,‘夕阳红’的‘复合合理-满意度’为0.71,适合作为当地的中熟优良品种进行种植推广。通过对各晚熟梨品种的果实品质和丰产性分析发现,‘秋月’果实的单果重最大,为328.20g;‘秋月’的可溶性固形物最高,为12.97%;‘南红’和‘蒲城火梨’的可滴定酸最低,为0.10%;‘美人酥’的果肉硬度最小,为5.92kg/cm~2;‘红酥脆’的石细胞含量最低,为0.09g/100g;在丰产性上,‘蒲城火梨’的亩产量最高,为1002.10kg。在品种综合分析上,‘秋月’的‘复合合理-满意度’为0.85,适合作为当地的晚熟优良品种进行种植推广。2.梨优系在陕西蒲城的适应性综合分析在‘砀山酥’梨杂交后代优系中,W-2的单果重最大,为309.30g;W-5的可溶性固形物含量最高,为13.57%;W-2的可滴定酸含量最低,为0.06%;W-5的果肉硬度最小,为4.82kg/cm~2;W-2的石细胞含量最低,为0.33%;在优系叶片对炭疽病抗性上,W-5的病斑直径最小,为7.67mm;在优系叶片对黑斑病抗性上,W-1的病斑直径最小,为8.54mm;在丰产性上,W-2的亩产量最高,为2681.14kg。在‘砀山酥’梨杂交后代优系的综合分析上,W-2、W-1、W-5的‘复合合理-满意度’分别为0.68、0.58、0.57,三者表现较好,适合在当地种植推广。在‘郑州优系1号’等优系中,‘378’的单果重最大,为288.49g;‘郑州优系2号’可溶性固形物含量最高,为12.59%;‘郑州优系2号’和‘郑州优系3号’的可滴定酸含量最低,为0.08%;‘378’的果肉硬度最小,为4.88kg/cm~2;‘378’的石细胞含量最小,为0.20g/100g;在对炭疽病的抗性上,‘378’的病斑直径最小,为8.53mm;在对黑斑病的抗性上,‘378’的病斑直径最小,为10.45mm。在‘郑州优系1号’等优系的综合分析上,‘378’和‘郑州优系1号’的‘复合合理-满意度’分别为0.65、0.61,二者表现较好,适合在当地种植推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 Single variety,excess structure and unreasonable regional distribution of varieties are one of the main reasons restricting the development of China’s pear industry.In this study,the pear varieties introduced into Pucheng,Shaanxi Province and the superior varieties obtained through hybrid breeding were used as experimental materials.With fruit quality,yield and disease resistance as evaluation objectives,the"reasonable-satisfaction"and multidimensional value theory combined rules were used to conduct comprehensive comparative analysis of each pear variety(line),and the"compound reasonable-satisfaction"of each variety(line)was obtained.The excellent varieties suitable for cultivation in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province were selected.The main findings are as follows:1.Comprehensive analysis of adaptability of pear varieties in Pucheng county,Shaanxi ProvinceThe fruit quality and yield of early ripening pear varieties were analyzed.The single fruit weight of’Zaosumi’was the largest,which was 247.56g.The fruit soluble solid of’Sucui No.2’was the highest,12.35%;The titrable acid content of’Sucui No.1’and’Xinli No.7’was the lowest,0.08%;The pulp hardness of’Sucui No.2’was the smallest,which was 5.08kg/cm2.The content of stone cells in’Xinli No.7’was the lowest,0.21g/100g;In terms of yield,’Sucui No.1’had the highest yield of 1881.01kg per mu.In the comprehensive analysis of varieties,’Sucui No.2’,’Zaosumi’and’Sucui No.1’had a good performance of’compound reasonableness-satisfaction’of 0.73,0.69 and 0.68,respectively,and were suitable for promotion as local excellent early maturing varieties.Through the analysis of fruit quality and yield of each medium ripe pear variety,it was found that the single fruit weight of’Ningxia’was the largest,which was 356.86g.The soluble solid content of’Ningxia’fruit was the highest,which was 13.82%.The lowest titrable acid content of’Ninglu’was 0.07%.The hardness of’Ninglu’pulp was the smallest,4.5kg/cm~2;The stone cell content of’Ninglu’was the lowest,which was 0.125%;In terms of yield,’Xiyanghong’had the highest yield per mu,which was 1352.15kg.In the comprehensive analysis of varieties,’Xiyanghong’has a’composite synthesis-satisfaction’of0.71,which is suitable for planting and promoting as a local medium ripe excellent variety.The fruit quality and yield of late ripening pear varieties were analyzed.The single fruit weight of’Qiuyue’was 328.20g.The soluble solids of’Qiuyue’were the highest,12.97%;The lowest titrable acid of’Nanhong’and’Puchenghuoli’was 0.10%;The pulp hardness of"Meirensu"is the smallest,which is 5.92kg/cm~2;The content of’Hongsucui’stone cells was the lowest,0.09g/100g;In terms of yield,’Puchenghuoli’had the highest yield of 1002.10kg per mu.In the comprehensive analysis of varieties,The"compound reasonableness-satisfaction"of’Qiuyue’is 0.85,which is suitable for planting and promoting as a local excellent late-maturing variety.2.Comprehensive analysis of the adaptability of the pear superior lines in Pucheng County,Shaanxi ProvinceAmong the’Dangshansu’pear hybrid progenies,W-2 had the largest single fruit weight of 309.30g.W-5 soluble solids content is the highest,13.57%;The lowest titrable acid content of W-2 was 0.06%.W-5 had the smallest pulp hardness of 4.82kg/cm~2.The content of stone cells in W-2 was the lowest(0.33%).In the resistance to anthracnose,W-5 had the smallest spot diameter of 7.67mm.The spot diameter of W-1 was the smallest(8.54mm)in the resistance to black spot on the leaves of the superior strain.In terms of yield,the highest yield of W-2 per mu was 2681.14kg.In the comprehensive analysis of the"Dangshansu"pear hybrid line,the"composite reasonability-satisfaction"of W-2,W-1 and W-5 were 0.68,0.58 and 0.57,respectively,which were suitable for local planting and promotion.In’Zhengzhou Superior Line No.1’and other superior systems,The single fruit weight of’378’was the largest,which was 288.49g.The soluble solid content of’Zhengzhou Superior Line No.2’was the highest,12.59%;The titrable acid content of’Zhengzhou Superior Line No.2’and’Zhengzhou Superior Line No.3’was the lowest,0.08%;The pulp hardness of’378’was the smallest,which was 4.88kg/cm2.The content of stone cells in’378’was the smallest,0.20g/100g.In the resistance to anthrax,’378’had the smallest spot diameter,8.53mm;In terms of resistance to black spot,’378’had the smallest spot diameter of 10.45mm.In the comprehensive analysis of"Zhengzhou Superior Line 1"and other superior series,’378’and’Zhengzhou Superior Line No.1’had a better performance of’compound reasonably-satisfaction’of 0.65 and 0.61,respectively,and were suitable for local planting promotion.更多还原