【作者】 杜权；

【导师】 郭军；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 “草原短尾羊”是从呼伦贝尔蒙古绵羊中选育,并最新鉴定的蒙古绵羊新优良品种,但目前草原短尾绵羊肉和内脏营养成分,尤其是各部位矿物质元素特征缺乏系统的检测评价。本研究采集23头草原短尾羊心脏、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、小肠和背最长肌样品共计199份,测定26种矿物质元素含量并进行指主成分分析(PCA)和传统描述性统计,比较各内脏、背最长肌及不同月龄段的矿物元素特征。结果表明,各内脏和背最长肌矿物质特征整体差异明显。PCA分析各脏器分别聚类,背最长肌、肝脏和肾脏聚类游离最远,心肺聚类较近;胃肠聚类同一个区域,瘤胃和小肠相对游离,网胃和瓣胃样品聚类有些交叉,提示矿物质特征整体接近。肝脏中Zn(3.32±0.44)mg/100g、Fe(12.53±3.79)mg/100g、Cu(3.47±1.58)mg/100g、Mo(99.63±23.86)μg/100g和Co(4.80±0.84)μg/100g含量较高;Se(50.18±23.01)μg/100g在肾脏中含量显著高于其他部位,可作为居民日常膳食中Se的良好来源;瓣胃中Ca(79.77±53.40)mg/100g和Mn(412.3±266.7)μg/100g元素含量丰富;背最长肌中K(328.61±44.60)mg/100g、Mg(25.39±2.35)mg/100g和Cr(34.84±16.48)μg/100g含量显著高于内脏组织;各部位中重金属含量均未超过食品安全国家标准对畜禽内脏的限量要求。内脏中元素Co和Mo之间,Se与Cd之间含量具有极显著正相关性(P<0.01)。相同内脏不同月龄间矿物质整体存在显著性差异。内脏中K、Na、Se等12种矿物质元素含量随月龄增长而升高。呼伦贝尔草原短尾羊内脏中Se、Ca、Fe、Cu等矿物质元素略低于中国食物成分表(2018)的相应数据。建议呼伦贝尔天然放牧绵羊注意补饲矿物质盐砖或添加剂,建议进行富硒喂养,以提高放牧草原短尾羊矿物质营养水平和克服Se等矿物质地区性缺乏。更多还原

【Abstract】 Grassland Short Tailed Sheep is a newly identified excellent variety that has been bred from Hulun Buir Mongolian sheep.However,at present nutrition composition especially the mineral properties of meat and offal of the breed lacks systematic determination and evaluation.A total of 199 heart,lung,liver,kidney,rumen,reticulum,omasum,small intestine and longissimus dorsi samples were collected from 23 Grassland Short Tailed Sheep,26 kinds of mineral elements were determined principal component analysis(PCA)and traditional descriptive statistics were conducted to compared the properties of mineral elements in each offal,longissimus dorsi and different months.The results showed that the overall differences in mineral properties of offal and longissimus dorsi were significant.PCA showed that each offal was clustered separately,and the longissimus dorsi,liver and kidney showed the longest clustering distance,meanwhile the cluster of heart and lung was closer.The stomach and intestine clusters were in the same area,rumen and small intestine clusters were relatively separated.The cluster of reticulum and omasum samples was crossed,suggesting that the mineral properties were generally similar.The contents of Zn(3.32±0.44)mg/100 g,Fe(12.53±3.79)mg/100 g,Cu(3.47±1.58)mg/100 g,Mo(99.63±23.86)μg /100 g and Co(4.80±0.84)μg /100 g in liver were higher.The content of Se(50.18±23.01)μg /100 g in kidney was significantly higher than that in other parts,which could be used as a good Se source of residents daily diet;the omasum was rich in Ca(79.77±53.40)mg/100 g and Mn(412.30±266.70)μg/100g;the contents of K(328.61±44.60)mg/100 g,Mg(25.39±2.35)mg/100 g and Cr(34.84±16.48)μg/100 g in the longissimus dorsi were significantly higher than those in offal.The heavy metal contents in each part did not exceed the limit requirements of national food safety standards for livestock and poultry offal.The contents of Co and Mo,Se and Cd in offal were significantly positive correlation(P<0.01).There were significant differences in mineral contents of the same offal among different months.The contents of K,Na,Se and other 12 mineral elements in sheep offal were increased with the months.Minerals such as Se,Ca,Fe and Cu in offal of Hulun Buir Grassland Short Tailed Sheep were lower than the data in China Food Composition Table(2018).It is suggested that multi-mineral salt bricks or additives should be supplemented in daily feeding of Hulun Buir natural pasturing sheep,and selenium-enriched feeding coulded be recommended to improve the mineral nutrition level of Grassland Short Tailed Sheep in pasturing mode and overcome the regional shortage of minerals,such as Se.更多还原