【作者】 刘淑琼；

【导师】 邹时林；

【作者基本信息】 东华理工大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 数字高程模型(DEM)中蕴含着各种丰富的地形结构特征信息,如特征点,特征线,特征面。这些点、线、面是构建地形地貌的骨架,并对地形地貌有一定的控制作用。例如,在地貌形态研究中,山顶点是不可或缺的地形特征点之一。山脊线和山谷线构成了地形起伏变化的分界线,从物理角度来讲,同时也是分水线和汇水线,不仅对于地形地貌的研究有着重要的意义,而且在工程应用方面也有着特殊的意义。从DEM数据中提取隐含的地形特征信息是地学研究的重点问题之一。基于DEM数据的地形特征提取方法,依据数据源主要分为三种,即基于规则格网数据的地形特征提取、基于不规则三角网地形特征提取以及基于等高线数据的地形特征提取。由于规则格网数据结构简单等优点,本文研究了规则格网数据的地形特征提取方法。本文介绍了提取地形特征的国内外研究现现状和相关理论阐述了山顶点、山脊线和山谷线的相关概念和提取算法.并且结合实验数据对改进的山顶点山脊线山谷线算法进行分析。在山顶点的提取中,改进前人的算法,通过分析山顶点形态特征,设计了一种基于形态分析的山顶点快速提取方法,研究结果表明该方法研能够快速有效的提取山顶点,并且DEM分辨率和分析窗口的大小对于山顶点的提取有着重要的影响。论文中山谷线和山脊线的提取是基于水流模拟方法提取的,主要针对原始DEM数据的预处理方法进行改进,并对提取的结果利用正负地形加以改正,最终得到提取结果。本文改进的研究算法,提取的地形特征与实际地形相吻合。提取的地形特征信息为地形结构研究、地形空间分布研究以及制图综合提供了基础。但是算法中出现的一些理论和技术处理上的问题需要进一步改进。更多还原

【Abstract】 Digital elevation model(DEM), which contains a rich variety of terrain structure characteristic information, such as feature points, characteristic line, the characteristics of the surface. The dot, the line and the face are as a skeleton of a building landform, and have a certain effect to control the landform. For example, the top of the mountain is one of the indispensable terrain feature points in the study of morphology. Ridge and valley line constitutes the relief the dividing line of change, which is also a water line and line of the catchment, not only has important significance on the study of landscape, and also has a special significance in engineering application from a physical standpoint. Implicit terrain feature information extracted from DEM data is one of the key problems of geological research.Terrain feature extraction method based on DEM data, which is mainly divided into three kinds according to the data source, namely rules based on grid data of topography and feature extraction, feature extraction based on irregular triangular mesh terrain and topographical feature extraction based on contour data. Due to the regular grid data which has the advantages of simple structure, this paper studies the rules of grid data of terrain feature extraction method.This paper introduces the domestic and foreign research status quo of the terrain feature extracting and related theory, and expounds the peak point, the relative concepts of ridge and valley line and extraction algorithm. And it is combined with the experimental data to improve the point of the top of the mountain ridge line valley line algorithm is analyzedExtraction at the top of the mountain, to improve the previous algorithm,some morphological characteristics through the analysis of the top of the mountain, we design a rapid extraction method is based on the analysis of the form the top of the mountain, the results show that the developed method can quickly and efficiently extract the top of the mountain, and DEM resolution and analysis the size of the window, which has an important influence for the extraction of the top pointIn this paper,the extraction of valley lines and ridge line is extracted based on the flow simulation method, mainly for the original DEM data preprocessing method was improved, and the extracted results using the positive and negative terrain correction, finally get the extraction results.The algorithm proposed in this paper, extraction of terrain features in conformity with the actual terrain. Extraction of terrain feature information for the study of the terrain structure research, the spatial distribution and cartographic generalization.However, the algorithm in the light of some theoretical and technical processing problems need to be further improved.更多还原