【作者】 白志超；

【导师】 管锡珺；

【作者基本信息】 青岛理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 针对分布极为分散、较难实现集中处理且具有污染性的废水，如小区生活污水、医院污水、中小学污水以及农村人畜生活污水等废水，高效的污水处理工艺的技术开发和应用仍然较为滞后，导致这些污水直接流入水体，引起环境的严重污染。因此，研发简单、紧凑、高效、稳定、经济的新型污水处理工艺，使得处理后的废水水质稳定，具有非常重要的现实意义。本试验的处理工艺是将活性污泥法与生物膜法相结合而形成的，该工艺由于同时存在悬浮态微生物与附着态微生物，使得系统中微生物数量较大、种群较多，提高了系统的有机负荷去除效率，减少了污泥产量，处理效果良好、稳定，而且占地面积小，降低了投资成本。本试验利用本课题组研究开发的泥层过滤反应器，选用K3型悬浮填料作为反应器的填料，研究其挂膜、有机物去除和脱氮的问题。本试验以青岛理工大学北院食堂及家属院小区的生活污水为处理对象，主要针对投加悬浮填料并挂膜后，泥层过滤反应器对COD_Cr去除能力、氨氮去除能力、总氮去除能力以及污泥减量效能进行试验研究，探讨了投加悬浮填料并挂膜后该反应器可能的稳定承载负荷。主要试验结果如下：（1）以生活污水为进水，该反应器实现了低容积负荷下的快速启动。在反应器内接种青岛市团岛污水处理厂的二沉池污泥，控制进水容积负荷在0.2～1.0kgCOD_Cr/（m3·d）的情况下，15天内污泥培养驯化成功，COD_Cr的去除率达到了80%，出水COD_Cr浓度达到70mg/L左右。（2）在室温下，用上述污泥在反应器内进行挂膜，12天悬浮填料挂膜成功，挂膜周期短。挂膜后反应器出水水质清澈、稳定，COD_Cr、NH₃-N去除效果稳定。COD_Cr去除率在85%左右，出水COD_Cr浓度在65mg/L左右。NH₃-N去除率在98%左右，出水NH₃-N浓度在1mg/L以下。（3）投加悬浮填料并挂膜后反应器具有良好的除碳效能。反应器可达到7.0kgCOD_Cr/（m3·d）的容积负荷并可以在该负荷下稳定运行，而常规好氧生物处理工艺容积负荷通常都小于2.0kgCOD_Cr/（m3·d），从而证实了该反应器可以适应高容积负荷。（4）投加悬浮填料并挂膜后反应器具有良好的脱氮能力。反应器NH₃-N去除率达到99%，出水NH₃-N浓度在1mg/L以下，TN去除率在40%～55%之间，出水TN浓度在25～30mg/L之间。（5）反应器具有良好的污泥减量效能。投加悬浮填料并挂膜后反应器排出的污泥体积比普通活性污泥法减少38%～58%。泥层过滤反应器投加悬浮填料并挂膜后，将活性污泥法和生物膜法有机的结合起来，突破了传统活性污泥工艺的低负荷瓶颈，实现了高效的除碳脱氮，对研发简单、紧凑、高效、稳定、经济的新型污水处理工艺具有指导意义，使用实际生活污水作为反应器进水使该课题更有实际应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Be aimed at wastewater which is difficult to centralize to process, distributeswidely and can pollute environment, such as the district sanitary wastewater, hospitalwastewater, primary and secondary school wastewater and rural wastewater,development of efficient technology and application concerned about wastewatertreatment process are still lagging behind. As a result, these wastewater flow into thewater bodies directly, causing serious environmental pollution. Therefore, it has asignificant practical importance in developing a new wastewater treatment process,which is simple, compact, efficient, stable and economic to maintain the quality oftreated wastewater stable.In this experiment, the treatment process combines activated sludge process withbiofilm process. In this process, there are suspended microorganisms and attachedmicroorganisms, which make the system a big microbial biomass and high population.The process not only improves the removal efficiency of the organic load of thesystem and reduces sludge production, but also maintains a good and stable effect.Meanwhile, it occupies less floor area and requires less investment cost.The reactor with sludge filtering was used in the experiment. K3-type suspendedpacking was selected to study the biofilm formation, organic removal anddenitrification issues. The experiment used the domestic sewage of north yard canteenand family member courtyard of Qingdao Technological University as the treatmentobject. This experiment tested the ability of COD_Crremoval, NH₃-N removal, TNremoval and sludge reduction performance of the reactor with sludge filtering afteradding the suspended packing and forming the biofilm. In this experiment, thepossible stable volumetric loading of the reactor which added suspended packing andformed the biofilm was explored at the same time. The results of study were asfollows:（1） The domestic wastewater was took as the reactor’s influent. The reactor couldstart up quickly under the low volumetric loading. The sludge which was took fromthe secondary sedimentation tank of Tuandao wastewater treatment plant of Qingdaowas inoculated in the reactor. The volumetric loading of the influent was controlledbetween0.2and1.0kgCOD_Cr/（m3d）, the sludge was cultured and domesticatedsuccessful within15days. The removal rate of COD_Crcould reach80%, the COD_Cr concentration in effluent was about70mg/L.（2） Under the condition of room temperature, the sludge, which was mentionedabove in the reactor was used to form the biofilm. It took12days to form the biofilmsuccessful. Hence, the biofilm formation cycle was short. The effluent quality of thereactor was clear and stable after the biofilm was formed, and the removal efficiencyof COD_Crand NH₃-N were stable too. The removal rate of COD_Crwas about85%andthe COD_Crconcentration in effluent was about65mg/L. The removal efficiency ofNH₃-N was about98%and the NH₃-N concentration in effluent was less than1mg/L.（3） The reactor, which added suspended packing and formed the biofilm, had agood performance in removal of carbon. The volumetric loading of the reactor couldreach7.0kg COD_Cr/（m3d） and it could operate stably while the general aerobicbiological treatment process was usually less than2.0kg COD_Cr/（m3d）, whichsubstantiated that the reactor could adapt to high volumetric loading.（4） The reactor, which added suspended packing and formed the biofilm, had agood ability in denitrification. The removal rate of NH₃-N could achieve99%and theNH₃-N concentration in effluent was less than1mg/L. The removal rate of TN wasbetween40%and55%and the TN concentration in effluent was between25mg/Land30mg/L.（5） The reactor had a good performance in sludge reduction. Compared with theconventional activated sludge process, the volume of discharged sludge of the reactorwhich added suspended packing and formed the biofilm decreased from38%to58%.After the suspended packing is added to the reactor with sludge filtering and thebiofilm is formed in the reactor, the process is formed. It combines activated sludgeprocess with biofilm process and breaks through the bottleneck about low load ofconventional activated sludge. It also has a high efficiency in removing nitrogen andcarbon. The process has a guiding significance in researching and developing a newsewage treatment process which is simple, compact, efficient, stable and economic.Meanwhile, using domestic wastewater water make the subject has more practicalvalue.更多还原