【作者】 康天宇；

【导师】 付高峰；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 冶金工程， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 铝在生产、消费及再生过程中,每年均会产生大量铝灰,铝灰的主要成分是金属铝、氧化铝、氮化铝等,如何妥善处理铝灰,实现铝灰的循环利用,在增加经济效益的同时又减少环境污染,是当前众多电解铝企业亟待破解的一个难题。本文研究了从铝灰中回收单质铝的新工艺,把铝灰热回收和冷回收结合起来,并形成了一套全新的工艺流程,其主要特点为：把人工炒灰的操作变成电动搅拌,减少了工人的劳动强度；热灰渣快速降温,减少烧损；采用除尘设备收集烟尘,清洁生产；铝灰热回收和冷回收相结合,铝回收率高,除铝灰扒出熔铸炉后的烧损和把回收的铝产品送回熔铸炉重熔烧损之外,只有很少量的单质铝未被回收。采用铝回收新工艺后,焦作万方的平均铸损由铝灰处理前的10.184‰下降到铝灰处理以后的5.849%o,平均铸损下降了4.335‰,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。将二次铝灰直接加入到电解槽中每千克铝灰相当于0.53千克氧化铝的价值,是最直接的铝灰循环利用方法,但是试验中也观察到了添加二次铝灰造成的硅含量升高、电压升高、炉底沉淀增加等不利影响。电解生产中所产生的二次铝灰全部返回电解槽后可使铝液硅含量上升0.003%,铁含量上升0.0025%,有可能会引起部分产品质量的等级下降,长期添加铝灰时硅、铁含量可达到动态平衡。铝灰中30%左右不明物质是否会在电解质中逐渐积累,最终导致电解质性质的改变,则需要从长期的生产试用中才能发现。通过工业试验表明,将二次铝灰制作成阳极钢爪保护环用于保护钢爪,可以达到减缓钢爪腐蚀,减少电解质中铁含量,增加经济效益的作用。铝灰保护环与碳素保护环相比,采用铝灰保护环,保护效果更好,成本更低,不用捡拾碎块,是碳素保护环的理想替代产品。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aluminum in the production, consumption and regeneration process, every year a large amount of aluminum dust, aluminum dust is the main component is aluminum, alumina, aluminum nitride, etc., how to properly handle the aluminum gray, gray recycled aluminum to achieve the increase economic benefits while reducing environmental pollution, is the current number of electrolytic aluminum enterprises must be tackled as a problem.In this paper, the recovery from aluminum gray aluminum simple substance of the new technology, the aluminum recycling gray and cold heat recovery combined to form a new process, its main features:the artificial electric fry ash into operation Stir, reduce labor intensity; rapid cooling of hot ash, reducing the burning; the use of dust collection equipment, dust, clean production; gray aluminum heat recovery and the combination of cold recycling, aluminum recovery, with the exception of aluminum casting furnace ash Bachu after burning and the recycling of aluminum remelting furnace burning outside the back cast, only a small amount of elemental aluminum has not been recovered. Aluminum recycling new technology, the average Jiaozuo Wan fang Aluminum gray cast by the loss before the treatment decreased to10.184%o gray aluminum handle after5.849%o, the average loss cast down4.335%o, and achieved good economic and social benefits.Will be directly added to the secondary aluminum ash per kilogram of aluminum electrolytic cell in gray value equivalent to0.53kg of alumina is the most direct method of recycling aluminum gray, but the trial has also been observed to add the second silicon content aluminum ash resulting rise high voltage increases, such as bottom sediment increased adverse effects. Electrolytic production of secondary aluminum in the ash can all return after the cell increased silicon content of molten aluminum0.003%,0.0025%increase in iron content, may cause some decline in the level of product quality, long-term when adding gray aluminum silicon, iron content can reach dynamic equilibrium.30%of aluminum ash of unknown substances in the electrolyte will gradually accumulate, eventually leading to electrolyte changes in the nature, you will need long-term production from the trial in order to find.Through industrial tests showed that the production of secondary aluminum ash into the anode guard ring to protect steel fingernail, steel fingernail corrosion mitigation can be achieved, reducing the iron content in the electrolyte, increasing economic role. Gray aluminum guard ring and guard ring carbon compared to aluminum dust protection ring, better protection, lower cost, do not pick up the pieces, is the carbon ring is the ideal alternative.更多还原