【作者】 董玲艳；

【导师】 鲁忠义；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2009， 硕士

【摘要】 语篇理解是人类独有的一种认知活动,对于知识的积累和传承起着至关重要的作用。语篇理解一直是当代心理学研究的重要课题。近年来,在阅读心理学研究领域,研究者们将注意的焦点集中于语篇表征的高级形式——情境模型加工规律的探讨。情境模型内部包含着时间、空间、因果、目标和角色等几个不同维度。在语篇阅读研究中,已有大量的研究从不同的维度探讨了记叙文的信息整合,目标信息的整合在语篇理解中占有重要的地位。语篇叙述的方式有两种:第一人称叙述和第三人称叙述。语篇理解的研究大部分集中于第三人称叙述,对第一人称叙述的研究比较少,而且主要涉及的是句子的加工。本研究旨在将目标信息与叙述人称结合起来,初步探讨两者是如何影响情境模型的加工。通过三个实验,考察了目标信息和叙述人称对语篇理解过程中情境模型加工的影响。实验一采用2×2两因素重复测量设计,探讨叙述人称和行为与目标的一致性对情境模型加工的影响。另外实验二和实验三均采用2×2两因素重复测量设计分别探讨当叙述人称是第三人称和第一人称时,目标紧急性和行为与目标的一致性对情境模型加工的影响。实验一结果显示读者阅读不同叙述人称的语篇时,采用的视角是不同的。在第三人称叙述下,读者以观察者的视角来阅读语篇。而在第一人称叙述下,读者以参与者的视角来阅读语篇,对所描述情境进行身临其境的体验。实验二结果显示,第三人称叙述下,只有当初始目标紧急时才能提高与初始目标一致的行为信息整合的速度,而当第二目标紧急时没有提高与第二目标一致的行为信息整合的速度。实验三结果表明,第一人称叙述下,读者对目标紧急性的体验非常深刻,当某一个目标紧急时,读者更关注于它的紧急程度,把自己作为一个浸入式的经历者,根据其经验激活其功能网络,当读到这些表示紧急的时间词时,进行弥散性的激活,从而使读者对目标的紧急程度体验得更为深刻。研究结果表明:(1)不同叙述人称下,读者对信息加工的方式是不同的。叙述人称是影响信息加工的一个重要因素。(2)目标紧急性调节着目标和行为之间的关系,但是不同人称叙述条件下紧急性对于这两者之间关系调节的程度是不同的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Text comprehension is a unique human cognitive activity.It plays an important role to people to accumulate and transmiss the knowledge.And it has been the important topic in the contemporary psychological reasearch.In the past years,the researchers in the area of reading psychology have been focus their attention on the prosessing rules of the situation model,which is the higher level of text representation.In the situation model,there are five different dimensions,such as time,space,causality,intention and Protagonist.A lot of Researches have been investigated the integration of the goal information which is very important in the text comprehension.Text narrative has two different ways:the first-people narrative and the third-people narrative.The text comprehension researches are focus on the third-people narrative and has little research about the third-people narrative,which is involved in processing the sentence.The aim of the research is combiing the goal information with the text narrative,preliminary invesitigating they how to infulence the processing of situation model.In there experiments,the effects of the goal information and personal narrative on the situation model processing of text were tested.The first experiment is a 2x2 mixed design, investigating the effects of text narrative and the consistency between act and goal on the situation model.The sencond and third experiments are all 2x2 mixed designs,respectively investigating when the text narritive is the third-people narrative or the first-people narrative, the effects of the consistency between act and goal on the situation model.The first experiment suggests when the text is written in different narrative,the reader takes different perspectives to read it.In the third-people narrative condition,people take the observer perspective to read the text.And in the first-people narrative condition,people take the participant perspective to read the text,so they can experience the situation described in the text more prfoundly.The first experiment suggests in the third-people narrative condition, when the primary goal is urgent,the urgence can improve the speed of processing the goal information which is consisitant with the primary goal,and when the second goal is urgent, the urgence don’t improve the speed of processing the goal information which is consisitant with the secnond goal.The third experiment inspects that in the first-people narrative condition,the reader experiences the urgenence of goal more prfoundly.When one goal is urgent,he will be more concentrated on the degree of its urgence.At this moment,the reader put his own as an immersed experiencer.When he reads the time words which express the urgence,the words active the network diffusely on the basis of experience,so the reader experiences the urgence of goal more prfoundly.The result of the research suggests:(1) when the text narrative is different,the reader prosesses the information in different way.Personal narrative is an important factor to impact the processing of information.(2) the urgence of goal rugulate the relation of goal and action, and in the condition of different personal narrative,the degree that the urgence regulates is different when the nattive is the first person or the third person.更多还原