挖掘机工作装置液压系统的动态特性的建模与仿真研究

【作者】 冯双昌；

【导师】 苏启棠；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 挖掘机是工程机械的主要机种之一。随着液压技术的不断进步和应用领域与范围的不断扩大，对挖掘机的数量和质量都提出了更高的要求。如何提高挖掘机的控制精度，增强环境适应能力，改进动态品质，缩短设计周期，优化系统方案成了人们亟待解决的问题。研究挖掘机工作装置液压系统的动态特性，分析影响其动态品质的因素，提出改进的措施，对解决上述问题，提高挖掘机的质量具有重要意义。本文在总结国内外挖掘机的基础上，指出了其工作装置液压系统的一般组成模式即：液压泵—液压阀—液压缸。针对该模式建立了液压基本元件的数学模型，利用Matlab／Simulink工具箱的递阶结构向上构造出了整个液压系统的大模型，并根据实际情况对模块参数赋予合适的数值。将复杂多变的负载适当简化成四种典型情况，通过输入不同的信号来模拟不同的工况进行仿真，对仿真结果进行分析，研究不同的参数对挖掘机工作装置液压系统动态特性的影响，并据此提出了相应的改进措施。作者提出了在挖掘机上安装蓄能器来提高其动态品质的方案，并对该方案进行了探讨和仿真研究。仿真结果表明，蓄能器对液压系统的压力冲击具有很好的吸收效果，可以明显改善液压系统的动态特性。作者提出的对挖掘机工作装置液压系统的建模与仿真方法，经适当的改变后还可用于挖掘机回转装置和行走装置以及其它工程机械液压系统的动态特性的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The excavator is one of the main aircraft types of the engineering machinery. With the progressive application of hydraulic technology and the enlargement of the range, quantity and quality to the excavators have all put forward higher requirement. How to improve the control precision of the excavator, to strengthen environmental adaptive capacity, to improve dynamic quality, to shorten design cycle, to optimize systematic scheme are problems solved urgently by people.Studying dynamic characteristic of hydraulic systematic of excavator work device, analyzing the influencing factor of dynamic quality, proposing the improving measures, are important to solving problem described above and improving quality of the excavator.On the basis of summarizing the domestic and international excavator, the author pointed out that general composition mode of the hydraulic system of device is hydraulic pump - hydraulic valve - hydraulic jar.The author set up the mathematical model of the hydraulic primary element. Utilizing the upward structure of Matlab/Simulink toolbox, the author produced whole hydraulic loud of system, and entrust suitable module parameter to the number value according to the actual conditions.The author simplified complicated and changeable load appropriately into four kinds of typical situation, imitated different modes by inputting different signals and carried on emulation.The author analyzed artificial result, researched influence of dynamic characteristic to excavator by different parameter, and put forward the corresponding improvement measure.The author designed the Scheme of installing accumulator at excavator in order to raise Dynamic quality, carried on the discussion and researched this schemeOn the basis of artificial result, the result of that accumulator absorb the hydraulic systematic pressure and improve the dynamic characteristic of hydraulic systematic obviously were found.The modeling and artificial method of the hydraulic system of job device of the excavator which the author put forward can also be used in the round and walk deviceof excavator and other engineering machinery after appropriate change.更多还原