关于财富差异对自发合作供给影响的考察

【作者】 张小敏；

【导师】 朱宪辰；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 产业经济学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 公共物品问题主要是由于公共物品的外部性引起的。按照理性选择理论，在公共物品供给中，个体容易出现搭便车行为。但是存在着成功治理的公有资源社区，且个体在供给公共物品时存在很多的合作的行为。对此，存在着一些解释，比如个体出错，将个体的合作行为看成是个体在非理性下的错误行为，还有一种解释是个体存在着利他主义倾向。事实上，在集体行动中，个体的行为受到很多因素的影响，其中，个体的差异性是个重要的影响因素。个体的异质性有很多种表征，且与其他影响因素之间相互作用。异质性的研究主要通过模型和案例分析、可控试验分析进行。结论很不统一，收入水平与供给水平之间存在着模糊的关系，但大致上，完全的搭便车与完全的合作供给均不能全面地解释实际的情况。 本文试图在一般的假定的模型下讨论财富水平的异质性对个体供给行为的影响。主要的假定如下：在一定的财富约束下，个体拥有私人物品和集体物品两种生产要素且两种生产要素之间是互补的；生产函数是凹性的，边际报酬递减。 本文得到的主要结论是，在纯公共物品的情况下，分配中性是成立的；在非纯公共物品的情况下，异质性对供给的影响是双方面的，既可能降低效率，又可能达到帕累托占优。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of public goods provision is due to the externalities of public goods. According to Rational Choice Theory, in the providing of public goods, individuals are inclined to be free-riders. Nevertheless, some communities successfully manage local resource systems, and there are many instances of co-operations between individuals. There are some explanations for this. Firstly, some researchers consider co-operation as error. That is individual co-operate only when they have made mistakes. Others think that individuals may be altruism. Individual’s behavior is affected by many factors in collective actions. Individual heterogeneity is one of the important factors. It has many representations, and it is interacted with many other factors. The study on heterogeneity could be conduct through modeling and case studying or experimental analyzing. There seems to be no exact relationship between income heterogeneity and supply of public goods. But in the rough, both pure free-rider and pure supplier cannot explain the actual situation.In this article, we will discuss the effects of wealth inequality on public goods provision question under normal model. Main assumptions are as follows: Under certain wealth restrictions, individuals have two inputs. One is private inputs, the other is collection inputs. They are complementary in the production function. The production function is concave with decreasing returns.The main conclusions are follows: When in pure public goods conditions, the "Distribution Neutrality" are correct, but when in impure public goods conditions, the effect of inequality is bilateral. It can reduce efficiency in some conditions. Also it can achieve the Pareto-Dominate in some other conditions.更多还原