【作者】 唐均；

【导师】 张强； Mary Zingross；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 世界史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 古希腊神话的完整谱系最终确立于诗人赫西俄德(Hesiod)笔下的《神谱》(Theogony)；而《神谱》中丰富的内涵在与希腊地区毗邻且文明发端更为古老的近东神话体系衬托之下则显示出更加久远而深邃的渊源来。本文遂以八个章节(不含引言(Introduction)和结论(Conclusion)这两部分)的篇幅对赫西俄德笔下可以参证于近东神话的部分因素作一较为详细的研究。 本文第一章对赫西俄德生平要点的分析表明赫氏这一诗作内容对传统及外来叙事成分的有效继承和有机吸收。第二章在概述苏美尔—阿卡德神话体系诸要素的过程中指出了起源神话、世系神话和旅程神话这三大神话母题在赫氏《神谱》神话体系与近东神话系统之间作为间架性结构的可比性。 第三、第四章是全文第一个重点部分。第三章首先从苏美尔创世史诗《埃努玛·埃利什》(Enuma Elish)入手，结合《吉尔伽美什》(The Epic of Gilgamesh)等其他美索不达米亚文学作品的有关情节，详细探讨了出现于这类起源神话中脉络清晰的创世主链“混沌→天地→水体→生命”在美索不达米亚和赫西俄德神话体系中的表现异同及其相应内涵；其次通过对《神谱》和美索不达米亚《顿努神谱》(Theogony of Dunnu)之间的比较剖析，在世系神话的框架内探讨了神灵世界作为现实世界精神观念之理想寄托的存在特色：然后论述旅程神话在美索不达米亚和古希腊各自的表现情形，着重指出了所谓的“旅程”不仅仅指神灵或者英雄为了某一具体目的(主要是与生命关系密切)而经历的具体路线，更是隐喻着生命本身的旅程特性，从而在此就顺带论述了人类起源与土地之间隐晦的密切关系。第四章则是在第三章基础上的进一步深化和具体化，亦即通过对美索不达米亚相应神话母题的参证，指出了赫西俄德构建的古希腊神灵谱系中六大类别神祗的不同表现形式，其中包含了古希腊人对人类自身与社会关系的一些基本认识；特别指出了蕴含在这一神灵谱系中的社会亲属关系和社会性别关系所反映的实质问题。 篡五郭析了作为中介的小亚赫梯神话体系中起源神话、世系神话和旅程神话这三大母题的存在情形。第左寞主要是从文本的角度解析了《神谱》的部分内容，着重剖析了男权世系首领在赫氏《神谱》、赫梯神话以及美索不达米亚神话中的不同变迁，以及男女权世系更替前后几个主要女权神抵的内在意蕴。 墓大靛全文第二个重点之所在。这一章通过对《神谱》一诗中所有专名（地名除外）的驴列琐证，逐一考证出赫氏在该神灵谱系中涉及到的神祆与英雄名号的原始意义，同时分析出古希腊神灵名号构成的特点以及希腊语姓名构成的部分规律。 剃上喜则是在前几章的基础上对古希腊神灵谱系中蕴含的部分思想如爱生万物、恶感意识膝脆化、崇幼抑老等略作发挥性的阐释。 自此，本文得出的结论是：赫西俄德《神谱》神话体系是在吸收了相当数量近东神话因素的基础上最后构建完成的，其中隐含的万物起源、包含有性别世系更替和亲属关系演化的社会过渡以及其他具有印欧民族特色的部分思想意识成为本文论述的重点；此外，本文对《神谱》中出现的所有非地理专名原初意义的详细考证有助于我们对《神谱》所构建的古希腊完整神话系统的深人理解。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Greek mythology is completely established by Hesiod in bis poem Theogony; and this theogonic genealogy seems to originate from the forerunning Near Eastern mythological system in the neighboring area This dissertation deals, in the following chapters, with such mythological factors in the Theogony based upon the Near Estern mythological literature.. Chapter 1 shows some of the Hesiod’s living background that may be accessible to the understanding of Hesiodic absorption of the narrative elements from abroad.Chapter 2 introduces the outline of the Sumero-Akkadian mythological system, which is framed, in my present study, by the three mythical types: the Origin Myth, the Succession Myth and the Journey Myth.The succeeding two chapters are the first focus of this dissertation.Chapter 3 first shows a purified chain including some major elements in the nature: chasm -> heaven & earth -> waters -> creatures, appearing respectively in the Hesiodic Theogony and in the Mesopotamian mythology. Then there is a comparative analysis of the divine genealogies in Hesiod’s poetry and in the Mesopotamian literature; and these divine "journeys" in die different mythical literatures are mentioned, together with an additional discussion on the probable relations between human origin and the earth.Chapter 4 is based upon some mythical data in Mesoptamia and gives some kinds of deities figured hi the Hesiodic Theogony and, especially, shows the social kingship and the social seccession of sexes,revealed in these deities’ mutual relations.Chapter 5 comes up mainly with the intermediary function of the Hittite mythology in Asia Minor.Chapter 6 points out the different situations shown in the patriarchic dynasties and their relevant leaders’ succession in the above-mentioned mythological systems. Then some major female beings in the turn of this sex succession can be analyzed to reveal their individual intrinsic meanings.Here comes the second focus of this dissertation: Chapter 7. This chapter gives a comprehensive list of all the proper names (except the place names) in the Theogony together with the relavant details of etymological analysis. This etymological analysis results in the distinctions of the Greek deities’ names and epithets, and in some of the building laws of proper names in Greek.Chapter 8 becomes an extended analysis, where are concerned some of the hidden thoughts in the Theogony, such as love’s universal productivity, the apparent lack of dichotomy in the Hellenic world, and sentimental appraisal for human living transition.Herein the conclusions come out: the Hesiodic Theogony is a mythological system after quite an active absorption of the eatablished Near Eastern mythological factors. This dissertation gives an emphasis on the natural genesis of the universe and the living beings, social succession ~ including the dominance of different sexes and kin genealogy - and some national thoughts in and beyond the Indo-European ideology.更多还原