【作者】 姜莹；

【导师】 马晓君；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 应用统计（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【副题名】基于人力资本的视角

【摘要】 中国加入世界贸易组织后,增加了与各个国家交流和贸易的频率,并且中国以其庞大的人口优势、低廉的劳动力价格和国内外投资政策红利参与世界贸易分工。中国一直秉持“走出去”和“引进来”的对外政策,学习和吸收先进技术,但在关键技术领域本身能力仍有待提升,且一直受到发达国家的制约。因此,我国制造业行业一直无法攀升到全球价值链高端位置,并且一直处于全球价值链的中低端位置,长期处于“低端锁定”的困局之中,如何打破这一困境成为中国行业实现产业升级的关键环节。因此,本文将讨论数字技术对中国工业行业全球价值链参与水平的影响效应及作用路径,希望有助于提升中国行业全球价值链参与水平。本文以2000-2018年中国工业细分行业为研究样本,并着重关注以下两个问题:(1)数字技术对工业行业全球价值链参与水平会产生怎样的影响;(2)数字技术影响全球价值链参与水平的作用路径。研究结论如下:(1)数字技术能够显著提升行业全球价值链参与水平。数字技术作为促进经济发展的内在动力,能够直接促进全球价值链的技术升级、产品升级以及生产链升级。(2)替代劳动力规模和优化人力资本结构是数字技术提升行业全球价值链参与水平的两种作用路径。一是,数字技术通过替代低端劳动力提升行业全球价值链参与水平。该路径使得产品的生产流程变得更短,产品生产过程中数字技术通过代替低端劳动力提升了产品的生产效率,节约了人力成本和时间成本的同时,有效提升了产品质量,进一步降低了产品的生产成本,为产品优化和创新提供了上升空间,使得行业所提供的产品或服务的附加值上升,提高了行业全球价值链参与水平。二是,数字技术通过优化人力资本结构提升行业全球价值链参与水平,数字技术的引入不仅替代了低端劳动力,对使用者的技术和能力也提出了更高的要求,高技术人才的引进使得行业的创新能力得以提升,同时也加快了行业数字化转型的进程,为实现行业的数字化转型积累了人力资本,提升了行业融入国际贸易分工的速度和能力。对比已有研究,本文的贡献有:(1)在研究问题上,本文探讨了数字技术的发展对企业的全球价值链嵌入模式的影响问题。从数字技术对中国工业行业全球价值链参与度的影响的角度展开研究,提出新的观察视角,通过实证研究为数字经济时代中国工业行业转型升级的新方向做出边际贡献。(2)在研究内容上,本文不仅讨论数字技术对行业参与全球价值链的影响,还深入分析了数字技术如何影响行业参与全球价值链的作用路径,从而为更深层次地探索数字技术促进行业参与全球价值链分工体系提供了更多的可能路径支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has expanded the frequency of its interactions and commerce with other nations since joining the WTO.China has also contributed to the fragmentation of global trade thanks to its enormous population advantage,cheap labor,and favorable domestic and international business regulations.China has been following a foreign strategy of "bringing in" and "going out," whereby it learns and assimilates cuttingedge technologies.China,however,is still limited by wealthy nations and has to increase its capabilities in important technology domains.As a result,China’s manufacturing sector has been stuck in the "low-end locking" situation for a very long time and has been unable to move up to the high-end position of the global value chain.Instead,it has been stuck in the intermediate and low positions.The solution to this conundrum has emerged as a crucial link in China’s industrial upgrading process.In an effort to increase Chinese industries’ participation in the global value chain,this study will examine the impact of digital technology and the potential course of action for improving it.This study analyzes research samples from China’s industrial sectors from 2000 to 2018 and focuses on two issues:(1)What effect digital technology will have on the degree of industrial global value chains’ participation;(2)How participation in GVCS is impacted by digital technology.These are the conclusions:(1)The level of industrial participation in the global value chain can be greatly increased by digital technology.Digital technology can directly encourage the upgrading of technology,products,and production chains of the global value chain as the internal driving force of economic progress.(2)Using digital technology to optimize the structure of human capital and replace labor force size are two practical ways to increase the level of industry engagement in global value chains.First,by displacing low-end labor,digital technology enhances industry participation in global value chains.The process of producing things is expedited by this route.Digital technology replaces low-end labor during the manufacturing process to increase production efficiency,save labor and time costs,effectively raise product quality,further lower production costs,and open up new opportunities for product innovation and optimization.It boosts the level of engagement in the industry’s global value chain and raises the added value of the goods or services it offers.Second,by maximizing the human capital structure,digital technology raises the level of engagement in the global value chain.In addition to replacing low-end labor,the advent of digital technology also raises the bar for user expertise and proficiency.The industry’s capacity for innovation is increased,and the industry’s digital transformation is accelerated by the introduction of high-tech people.It has enhanced the speed and capability of the industry to integrate into the international trade division of labor while also building up human capital in order to realize the digital transformation of the sector.The contributions of this work in comparison to previous research are as follows:(1)This study explores the effects of the advancement of digital technology on the integration of businesses into the global value chain.This paper presents a new way of looking at the impact of digital technology on China’s industrial participation in the global value chain.It also makes a small contribution to the new direction of China’s industrial transformation and upgradation in the age of the digital economy through empirical research.(2)This paper’s research content includes a discussion of the effects of digital technology on industry participation in the global value chain as well as an in-depth analysis of how these effects affect the industry participation in the global value chain’s action path,offering more potential directions for further research into the use of digital technology to encourage industry participation in the global value chain’s division of labor system.更多还原