【作者】 朱喆；

【导师】 徐旭； 金明；

【作者基本信息】 上海电机学院 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 在技术进步和工业化实践动态发展的背景下,智能制造技术是全球制造业未来发展最重要的趋势,中国要从“制造大国”向“制造强国”迈进,需要依靠技术创新。其中,将现实物理世界的物体数字化,在数字世界中创建高度还原的实体,通过对数字世界的仿真与分析,进一步理解和优化物理实体的运行规律,即数字孪生,是一种有效的技术创新方式。另一方面,在企业实践中,发现电机生产制造企业存在着装配效率低下的问题,主要由于小型电机品种多、装配时精度要求高、装配工艺复杂,使得小型电机的装配效率低,装配过程管理难度大,同时装配工艺的影响因素众多,传统的方法通常难以定量准确、可视化地进行小型电机装配工艺过程的监控,也难以全面有效地发现装配过程中存在的问题。本文为有效解决小型电机装配效率低、管理困难的问题,利用数字孪生技术,提出一种基于数字孪生的小型电机装配工艺的建模与仿真研究,设计一款小型电机数字孪生装配系统,实现装配工艺的数字孪生仿真与可视化监控,能够让企业在小型电机投入生产前,在数字孪生环境进行建模、仿真和可视化监控,帮助工人提升对小型电机装配环境及装配工艺的认知能力,为管理者提供一种管理方式,从而提高小型电机的装配效率。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)以小型电机装配工艺为研究对象,分析小型电机的装配工艺流程,提出设计开发一个小型电机数字孪生装配系统,并对系统进行需求分析,提出系统的设计原则,为实现系统的开发提供技术支持。同时根据系统实际需求,将系统划分为人机交互接口、装配工艺知识库、装配环境漫游、虚拟装配仿真四个功能模块。借助数字孪生的五维模型建立小型电机装配工艺数字孪生系统体系架构,规划系统总体开发流程。(2)通过采集小型电机装配的相关信息,建立了小型电机装配工艺的几何模型、行为模型、逻辑模型,将这几种模型分析、组成、集合,形成了数字孪生模型,构建出了数字孪生世界,其中主要包含了小型电机装配过程中的机械设备、小型电机的零部件、操作员工、装配环境等三维世界,结合所构建的行为模型和逻辑模型,能够在孪生世界中实现正确的、严谨的装配流程作业,为后续的仿真起到了支撑的作用。(3)对小型电机装配工艺的数字孪生模型进行了仿真研究。首先对相关装配工艺系统数据进行采集、整理、分类、传输。接着利用Unity 3D虚拟引擎开发平台,进行小型电机虚拟装配场景的搭建。最后通过对虚拟场景灯光、物体材质、摄像机等的设置,1:1还原真实装配场景,增强虚拟场景的逼真感,提升系统用户的沉浸式体验感。然后,从装配设备布局仿真、装配工艺过程仿真和装配数据仿真这三个方面对小型电机装配工艺过程进行仿真研究。最后借助Flexsim软件对整个装配流程结果进行仿真分析,从管理者和员工两个角度,反应出借助数字孪生技术,有效地改善了小型电机装配效率差的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of technological progress and the dynamic development of industrial practice,intelligent manufacturing technology is the most important trend in the future development of global manufacturing industry.China needs to rely on technological innovation to move forward from a "big manufacturing country" to a "strong manufacturing country".Among them,digitizing objects in the real physical world,creating highly restored entities in the digital world,and further understanding and optimizing the operation rules of physical entities,namely digital twins,through simulation and analysis of the digital world,is an effective way of technological innovation.On the other hand,in the practice of enterprises,it is found that motor manufacturing enterprises have the problem of low assembly efficiency,mainly because of the large variety of small motors,high requirements for accuracy during assembly,and complex assembly process,which makes the assembly efficiency of small motors low,the assembly process management difficult,and there are many factors affecting the assembly process.Traditional methods are usually difficult to monitor the assembly process of small motors quantitatively,accurately,and visually,It is also difficult to find the problems in the assembly process comprehensively and effectively.In order to effectively solve the problems of low assembly efficiency and difficult management of small motors,this paper uses digital twin technology to propose a research on modeling and simulation of small motor assembly process based on digital twin,designs a small motor digital twin assembly system,realizes digital twin simulation and visual monitoring of assembly process,and enables enterprises to model Simulation and visual monitoring can help workers improve their cognitive ability of small motor assembly environment and assembly process,and provide managers with a management method to improve the assembly efficiency of small motors.The main research contents of this paper are as follows:(1)Taking the assembly process of small motor as the research object,the assembly process flow of small motor is analyzed,and a small motor digital twin assembly system is designed and developed.The system requirements are analyzed,and the design principles of the system are proposed to provide technical support for the development of the system.At the same time,according to the actual requirements of the system,the system is divided into four functional modules: human-computer interaction interface,assembly process knowledge base,assembly environment roaming,and virtual assembly simulation.The digital twin system architecture of small motor assembly process is established by virtue of the five dimensional model of digital twin,and the overall development process of the system is planned.(2)By collecting information related to small motor assembly,the geometric model,behavioral model,and logical model of small motor assembly process are established,and these models are analyzed,composed,and assembled to form a digital twin model,and a digital twin world is constructed,which mainly contains the three-dimensional world of mechanical equipment,small motor parts,operation employees,and assembly environment in the small motor assembly process,and combined with the constructed In combination with the constructed behavioral and logical models,it is possible to realize correct and rigorous assembly process operations in the twin world,which plays a supporting role for the subsequent simulation.(3)The digital twin model of small motor assembly process is simulated.Firstly,the data of relevant assembly process system is collected,sorted,classified and transmitted.Then use the Unity 3D virtual engine development platform to build the virtual assembly scene of small motors.Finally,through the settings of virtual scene lights,object materials,cameras,etc.,1:1 restore the real assembly scene,enhance the realism of the virtual scene,and enhance the immersion experience of system users.Then,the assembly process of small motor is simulated from three aspects: assembly equipment layout simulation,assembly process simulation and assembly data simulation.Finally,the whole assembly process results are simulated and analyzed with Flexsim software.From the perspective of managers and employees,the problem of poor assembly efficiency of small motors is effectively improved with the help of digital twin technology.更多还原