【作者】 文成栋；

【导师】 穆艳杰；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2022， 硕士

【副题名】基于马克思主义政治经济学视角

【摘要】 地方债务问题,一方面,影响地方的经济增长和社会稳定,另一方面,影响全局的金融稳定和中央地方财政关系,是我国经济运行中的特别重要的问题。截至目前,我国地方债存在着总量大,不透明的问题。有总额30余万亿的地方债务,这些债务被全国人大确定的地方显性债务之外,更有地方政府在法定限额外,直接承诺或暗示用财政资金偿还,或者违规提供担保的债务,这部分债务被称为地方隐性债务,其数额和杠杆率不透明,这些债务是各级政府和有识之士共同关注的突出问题。这些债务应该如何化解,马克思主义经典作家关于如何解决债务和化解金融风险,他们从财政、金融、税收关系角度曾有过相关论述。中国化的马克思主义者毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛等党和国家领导人,对地方债的本质,地方债的形成,地方债性质、职能,以及如何化解地方债问题也都进行过理论阐述和实践探索。特别是党的十八大以来,习近平总书记更加高度重视地方债问题,在2017年7月第五次全国金融工作会议上,以习近平同志为核心的党中央确定了对地方新增隐性债实行“零容忍”的政策,对此前的存量地方隐性债务要逐步化解政策方针。在坚持底线思维的前提下,以结构性去杠杆为抓手,分部门、分债务类型提出不同解决方案与措施。要求地方政府与地方国企去杠杆,努力实现宏观杠杆率稳定和逐步下降。地方债问题已经成了我国政治经济领域的突出问题,因此地方债问题的平稳解决,有利于我国的财政安全与经济社会的发展,也会为中国经济长期稳定可持续的提供财政与金融保障。本文基于马克思主义政治经济学理论视角,吸收了西方金融思想的有益成果。以中国地方债的分析与化解为主题。首先,本文以马克思、恩格斯,以及党和国家领导人特别是习近平总书记对地方债问题相关论述为理论基础,分析了地方债存在的突出问题、存在问题的成因、现实危害、解决对策与路径。对地方债的功能作用等问题进行深入细致分析论述。本文指出,地方债一方面为我国经济发展提供资金保障,另一方面地方债发行数量过大也潜藏巨大的金融风险。此外,本文用定量分析的方式,对我国地方债的规模,尤其是隐性负债规模做出了估算,并且对地方债过大可能造成的风险进行了量化分析。初步认为,我国地方债总量大,隐性负债不透明且杠杆率过高,区域发展不平衡等问题比较突出。如果任由地方债无序膨胀,会严重损害党和政府的公信力,并且会造成金融风险与财政风险交织,也会挫伤民营经济发展。其次,本文分析了地方债风险扩大的成因与解决方案,认为地方隐性债扩大的成因在于从发行过程到资金流向再到存量规模的不透明,还有财政预算的软约束。对此,应该加强党的领导,将地方债的化解上升到政治高度。发挥党总揽全局,协调各方的作用,推动隐性债透明化,同时推动地方政府落实属地责任,积极处置不良资产,并且对逃废债现象实行“零容忍”。通过对我国地方债问题的分析可以看出,首先,地方债过度膨胀已经日渐成为中国经济发展的突出问题,推动地方债问题的“软着陆”,对我国的政治经济的安全与发展,具有重要意义。在地方债问题的解决过程中,要坚定不移的以马克思主义政治经济学思想为指引,以党和国家领导人在地方债问题的理论论述与实践探索做重要依据,特别要以习近平总书记关于地方债问题的重要指示为指南。要立足于我国经济社会的发展实际,不断加强党的领导,发挥党在解决地方债问题中总揽全局,协调各方的作用。推动隐性债务透明化,有序推动债务置换。地方政府应该积极处置资产,担负起属地责任,适度尝试金融创新。同时在立法层面解决地方政府财权与事权不匹配的问题,使我国地方债问题得到顺利平稳的解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of local debt is connected to local economic growth and social stability on the one hand,and on the other hand to overall financial stability and the financial relationship between the central and local governments.This is a prominent problem in my country’s economic operation.Up to now,my country’s local government debt is characterized by large amounts and opacity.In addition to the total amount of more than 30 trillion local explicit debts determined by the National People’s Congress,there are also debts that local governments have directly promised or implied to use fiscal funds to repay them,or provide guarantees in violation of regulations.This part of the debt is called It is a local hidden debt,and its amount and leverage ratio are not transparent.It is a prominent issue that scholars at home and abroad pay attention to.Marxist theorists represented by Marx and Engels,as well as Mao Zedong,Chen Yun,Deng Xiaoping,Jiang Zemin,Hu Jintao,and other party and state leaders People have provided very valuable theoretical basis and practical experience on the nature of national debt,the formation of local debt,and how to resolve the problem of local debt.Since the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the issue of local debt.At the Fifth National Financial Work Conference in July 2017,the Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at the core has deployed a new hidden debt"zero" for local governments.The policy direction of "tolerance",the previous hidden debts of local governments should be gradually resolved.On the premise of sticking to the bottom line thinking,with structural deleveraging as the starting point,different requirements are put forward by department and by debt type.Local governments and local state-owned enterprises are required to deleverage,and strive to achieve a stable and gradual decline in the macro leverage ratio.The local debt problem is already a prominent issue in the political and economic fields of our country.Therefore,the smooth resolution of the local debt problem is conducive to my country’s financial security and economic social development.It will also provide Marxist theory and wisdom for the future development of China’s economy.This article is based on Marxist theory and has absorbed the beneficial results of Western financial thought.The theme is the analysis and resolution of China’s local debt.First,through the understanding and practice of Marx,Engels,and party and state leaders,especially General Secretary Xi Jinping,on the issue of local debt,the essence of the issue of local debt is analyzed,and my country’s practice and exploration in the issuance and use of local debt are sorted out.That is to say,local government debt is part of the state’s finances and is a product of the expansion of state functions.The source of local government debt is taxation.And under the premise that local debt contributes to the development of our country,some risks have also begun to appear.In addition,this article uses a quantitative analysis method,based on public data,to estimate the scale of my country’s local debt,especially the scale of implicit debt,and analyze the possible risks caused by excessive local debt.It is preliminarily believed that the total amount of local government debt in my country is large,the implicit debt is not transparent,the leverage ratio is too high,and the regional development is uneven.If local government debt is allowed to swell disorderly,the credibility of the party and the government will be lost,financial risks will be intertwined with fiscal risks,and the development of the private economy will be hampered.Finally,this article analyzes the causes and solutions of the expansion of local debt risk,and believes that the cause of the expansion of local hidden debt lies in the opacity from the issuance process to the flow of funds to the stock scale,as well as the soft constraints of the fiscal budget.In this regard,the party’s leadership should be strengthened,the party should take the overall situation,coordinate the leadership of all parties,promote the transparency of hidden debt,and promote local governments to implement territorial responsibilities and actively dispose of assets.And there is "zero tolerance" for the phenomenon of debt evasion.Through the research on my country’s local debt problem,we can see that,first of all,the excessive expansion of local debt has become a prominent problem in China’s economic development.Promoting the "soft landing" of the local debt problem is of great importance to the security and development of my country’s political economy.significance.In the process of solving the local debt problem,we must unswervingly follow the guidance of Marxist political economy thinking,and use the party and state leaders’ theoretical creation and practical exploration experience on the local debt problem as an important basis,especially the implementation of Mr.Jin Ping.The secretary’s important instructions on the issue of local debt.Based on the actual development of my country’s economy and society,we must draw on the useful results of Western economics and finance,continuously deepen the party’s leadership,give play to the party’s overall situation in the issue of local debt,and coordinate the roles of all parties.Promote the transparency of implicit debt and promote debt replacement in an orderly manner.Local governments should actively dispose of assets,assume territorial responsibilities,and appropriately try financial innovations.At the same time,at the legislative level,the problem of the mismatch between the financial power and the power of the local government is solved,so that the problem of local debt in our country can be solved steadily.更多还原