无人机双向无线充电系统设计

【作者】 倪欣；

【导师】 李阳； 杨彬；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 电气工程（专业学位）， 2021， 硕士

【摘要】 无线传感网在电力物联网、国家安全、环境监测、工业生产、交通管理等领域具有重大应用价值,因而引起了极大关注,然而电源供给问题一直制约其发展。无线电能传输技术是解决无线传感网供电问题的捷径之一,然而无线传感网的无线供电技术在传输距离、线圈体积等方面存在诸多问题,因此本文针对无线传感网中无线供电在传输距离、线圈尺寸等方面的要求提出了一种无人机双向无线充电系统。本文从理论分析、仿真计算与实验研究的角度对无人机双向无线充电系统进行了以下研究:首先,针对无线传感网的供电问题,提出了一种无人机双向无线充电系统,无人机搭载线圈为传感器节点进行无线充电;同时无人机可使用同一个线圈在地面发射端通过无线充电的方式获取电能。一方面,研究了磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术在无人机双向无线充电系统中的传输过程,结合无人机工作中的实际情况,确认了耦合机构优化设计是实现电能无线传输的关键;另一方面,通过对电能传输过程中能量转换过程的研究,确认了无人机双向无线充电系统基本结构,为实验系统的搭建提供了理论指导。其次,在理论分析基础上,借助多物理场仿真软件,对耦合线圈的半径进行了研究,得到了无线电能传输系统中线圈半径对电能传输效果的影响,结合无人机与传感器耦合线圈小型化的设计指标,对双向无线充电系统中耦合线圈的半径进行了设计与优化。之后针对无人机耦合线圈轻量化、高效化的设计指标,对系统中所有的耦合线圈匝数与匝间距进行了设计与优化。并且针对无线电能传输过程中可能出现的情况进行了研究。通过搭建实验系统进行实验验证,实验结果与仿真结果吻合,表明线圈优化效果明显,适用于无人机双向无线充电系统。最后,基于双向无线充电系统基本结构研究,分别对传感器端、无人机发射端、无人机接收端、地面发射端装置进行了设计与实验研究。对各部分装置的实验结果表明,该装置既可以实现无人机为传感器无线提供电能,也可实现地面发射端向无人机无线充电,进一步证明了双向无线充电系统的合理性和实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor networks have great application value in Internet of Things,national security,environmental monitoring,industrial production,traffic management and other fields,which have attracted great attention.However,the development of wireless sensor networks has been restricted by power supply problems.Wireless power transfer technology is one of the effective ways to solve the power supply problem.The wireless power supply technology of wireless sensor networks has many problems in transmission distance,coil volume,etc.In this paper,we propose a bidirectional wireless charging system of UAV to solve the above problem.The bidirectional wireless charging system of UAV has been studied by us from the perspective of theoretical analysis,simulation and experimental research:Firstly,to solve the power supply problem of the wireless sensor networks,a method of wireless charging for sensor nodes by UAV is proposed.At the same time,the UAV can get the power through wireless charging at the ground transmitting side by the same coil.On the one hand,the transfer process of the magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer technology in the bidirectional charging system has been studied.Combined with the actual situation in the work of the UAV,it is confirmed that the optimal design of the coupling mechanism is the key to realize the wireless transfer of electric energy.On the other hand,through the study of the energy conversion process in the electric energy transfer process,the basic structure of the UAV bidirectional wireless charging system has been confirmed,which provides guidance for the construction of the experimental system.Secondly,on the basis of theoretical analysis,with the help of multiphysics simulation software,the radius of the coupling coil was studied.The influence of the coil radius on the power transfer effect in the wireless power transfer system has been obtained.Combining the design index of miniaturization of the coupling coil for UAV and sensors,the radius of the coupling coil in the bidirectional wireless charging system is designed and optimized.Then according to the design index of lightweight and high-efficiency coupling coil of UAV,the number of turns and turn spacing of all coupling coils in the system are designed and optimized.Finally,the experimental verification is carried out by building an experimental system.And the possible situation in the process of radio power transmission is studied.The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results,indicating that the coil optimization effect is obvious,which is suitable for the UAV bidirectional wireless charging system.Finally,based on the study of the basic structure of the bidirectional wireless charging system,the sensor,UAV transmitting side,UAV receiving side,and ground transmitting side devices were designed,built and experimentally studied respectively.The experimental results show that when the sensor needs to be charged,the UAV can provide power for the sensor;when the UAV needs to be charged,the ground transmitting side can provide power for the UAV.The applicability and practicality of the bidirectional wireless charging system is further proved.更多还原