【作者】 严婷；

【导师】 胡浩；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业硕士（专业学位）， 2019， 硕士

【副题名】基于对江苏省生猪养殖场的调研

【摘要】 畜牧业作为传统的农村经济支撑产业,是农民收入来源的重要途径之一,也是居民消费必需品的重要来源,其发展水平更是衡量农业现代化可持续发展的重要指标,如何促进生猪产业的可持续发展还需继续探讨。本文从不同组织模式视角出发,比较了家庭独立经营、合作社+养殖户、龙头企业+养殖户(松散型)、龙头企业+养殖户(紧密型)四种不同生猪养殖组织模式的成本与效益。根据《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编》对生猪养殖成本、收益的划分,结合前人的研究结论以及调研的实际情况,从物质与服务的直接费用、间接费用以及人工成本角度比较不同组织模式的成本;从生猪的年单位最高、最低售价、售价的波动范围以及其单位收入状况比较不同组织模式的经济收益;从养殖场年平均吸纳劳动量以及平均年人均雇工费用比较不同组织模式的社会效益;从粪污处理设备采用率及单位投入费用比较不同组织模式生猪养殖场的生态效益。研究结果表明:(1)家庭独立经营组织模式在饲料的单位成本上具有优势,而龙头企业+养殖户(紧密型)组织模式在仔畜费、医疗防疫费以及固定设备资产投入的单位成本上具有一定的优势;(2)龙头企业+养殖户(松散型)组织模式在育肥猪单位收入与售价上具有一定的经济效益优势;(3)从社会年平均雇工人数与年人均雇工费用视角衡量比较,龙头企业+养殖户(紧密型)组织模式的社会效益最高,从生猪养殖场粪污处理设备的采用率与投入费用视角衡量比较,其生态效益也最高。不同组织模式生猪养殖成本效益之间存在明显差距,其差距主要来源于经营管理方式、饲养原料购买和生猪销售渠道、养殖规模、市场分析能力以及政府政策。本文根据研究结论,以及江苏省生猪养殖现状,提出以下几点政策建议:(1)引导养殖户学习科学先进的管理技术;(2)加强政策扶持,培育供产销一体化的生猪龙头企业;(3)推进龙头企业与养殖户之间的联结;(4)推进生猪养殖场之间的联合,提高其市场谈判能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a traditional rural economic support industry,animal husbandry is one of the important ways of farmers’ income sources,and also an important source of household consumption necessities.Its development level is an important indicator to measure the sustainable development of agricultural modernization,and how to promote the sustainable development of the pig industry.Development needs to continue to explore.From the perspective of different organizational models,this paper compares the costs and benefits of four different pig breeding organization models:family independent management,cooperatives+farmers,leading enterprises+farmers(loose),leading enterprises+farmers(tight).According to the "National Agricultural Product Cost-benefit Data Compilation",the cost and benefit of pig breeding,combined with the research conclusions of the predecessors and the actual situation of the survey,compare the cost of different organizational models from the direct costs,indirect costs and labor costs of materials and services.From the annual maximum unit,the lowest selling price,the fluctuation range of the selling price and the unit income status of the live pigs,the economic benefits of different organizational models are compared;the average annual labor intake from the farm and the average annual per capita employment cost are compared with different organizational models.Benefits;compare the ecological benefits of different organizational models of pig farms from the adoption rate of manure treatment equipment and unit input costs.The results show that(1)the family independent business organization model has an advantage in the unit cost of feed,while the leading enterprise+farmer(closed)organization model is on the unit cost of animal husbandry fees,medical epidemic prevention fees and fixed equipment assets.Have certain advantages.(2)The leading enterprise+farmer(loose)organizational model has certain economic benefits in the income and selling price of fattening pigs.(3)From the perspective of the average number of employees employed in the society and the annual per capita employment costs,the leading enterprise+farmer(closed)organization model has the highest social benefit,measured from the perspective of the adoption rate and input cost of the manure treatment equipment of the pig farm.In comparison,its ecological benefits are also the highest.There are obvious gaps between the cost-effectiveness of pig breeding in different organizational models.The gaps mainly come from management methods,raw material purchase and pig sales channels,breeding scale,market analysis capabilities and government policies.Based on the research conclusions and the status quo of pig breeding in Jiangsu Province,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations:(1)to guide farmers to learn scientific and advanced management techniques;(2)to strengthen policy support and foster leading pig enterprises for integration of production and marketing;3)Promote the connection between leading enterprises and farmers;(4)Promote the alliance between pig farms and improve their market negotiation capabilities.更多还原