【作者】 商靓婷；

【导师】 郭圣茂；

【作者基本信息】 江西农业大学 ， 森林培育， 2020， 硕士

【摘要】 白芨(Bletilla striata(Thunb.)Reichb.f.),是兰科(Orchidaceae)白芨属(Bletilla)多年生喜荫草本植物,适合在林下栽培。以干燥块茎入药,具有收敛止血、清热利湿、消肿生肌之功效,是一种重要的林源中药材。目前,关于白芨施肥的研究多数集中在氮、磷、钾等大量元素对白芨品质和产量上,关于微量元素对白芨的影响目前尚处于起步阶段。本次试验中,以1年生白芨为材料,通过二元二次正交旋转组合设计,研究了林下、露地两种环境下5种钼、硼施肥水平,共9种处理,对白芨地径、生物量、光合作用、叶绿素荧光以及白芨多糖含量的影响。经过试验得出以下结果:1、在施用适量的硼肥、钼肥时,能促进白芨对营养元素N、P的吸收,块茎中的硼、钼元素含量会随着施肥量的增加而增加。试验中施用0.41 kg/667m~2硼肥、0.04kg/667m~2钼肥能显著提高林下、露地两种环境中白芨对N元素的吸收和累积。其中2.40-2.80 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.04-0.14 kg/667m~2的钼肥显著促进林下环境中白芨对P元素的累积;2.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.04 kg/667m~2的钼肥能提高露地环境中白芨的P含量。施肥量过高时会抑制白芨对N、P元素的吸收,块茎中硼、钼元素含量也会有所降低。2、在白芨生长期施用适量的硼、钼肥可以在一定程度上增加林下、露地两种环境中白芨的叶绿度SPAD,并能提高白芨叶片的Fv/Fm、ETR,以及白芨的光合速率。其中0.41 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.24 kg/667m~2的钼肥组合处理能显著提高林下环境中白芨的叶绿度SPAD;露地环境中单施0.14 kg/667m~2的硼肥处理下白芨的SPAD显著高其余处理;林下白芨的SPAD值普遍高于露地。林下、露地两种环境中均是1.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.14 kg/667m~2的钼肥处理后白芨的净光合速率Pn最高,露地环境下6月该施肥组合处理下白芨的Pn显著高于其余处理。3、不同的硼肥、钼肥施肥量组合均能在一定程度上促进白芨的地径以及茎高的增加。其中两种环境中白芨的地径最大的都是1.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.14 kg/667m~2的钼肥组合处理,与其他的施肥处理间存在显著差异,比施肥处理后地径最小的处理高近40%。1.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥的处理可以显著增加林下环境中白芨的茎高,不同施肥处理对露地环境中白芨茎高的增加差异较小。施肥后林下环境中白芨的地径、茎高均高于露地环境。4、不同的硼、钼配比均能较好的增加白芨的鲜重以及多糖含量。其中1.40kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.14 kg/667m~2的钼肥组合处理对两种环境下白芨鲜重的增加效果最显著,施肥后露地环境白芨的鲜重略高于林下环境。当施肥处理为2.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.04 kg/667m~2的钼肥组合时,两种环境下白芨多糖的含量都达到本次试验中的最高值,1.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.14 kg/667m~2的钼肥处理后的白芨多糖含量第二高。本次施肥试验中,各处理均能较好的促进白芨的生长及多糖的累积,试验中的最佳施肥量为1.40 kg/667m~2的硼肥、0.14 kg/667m~2的钼肥组合。期望本次试验能为规模化白芨栽培提高产量、质量、经济收入提供科学的施肥理论基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bletilla striata,a perennial,shady herb of the genus Orchidaceae,is suitable for cultivation under the forest.The dry tuber of B.striata is an important traditional Chinese medicine of forest source.At present,most of the studies on fertilization of B.striata were focused on the quality and yield of B.striata by nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.In this experiment,5 kinds of molybdenum and boron fertilization levels were studied under forest and open-field environment.and 9 treatments were used to study the effects on the ground diameter,biomass,photosynthesis,chlorophyll fluorescence and polysaccharide content of B.striata.The test results as followings:1.During the application of proper amount of boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer,the absorption of nutrient element N、P could be promoted,and the content of boron and molybdenum in tuber would increase with the increase of fertilizer amount.The absorption and accumulation of N elements could be improved significantly when applied0.41 kg/667m~2of boron fertilizer and 0.04 kg/667m~2molybdenum fertilizer.The boron fertilizer during 2.40-2.80 kg/667m~2and molybdenum fertilizer was 0.04-0.14 kg/667m~2could significantly promoted the accumulation of P elements in forest environment.And2.40 kg/667m~2boron fertilizer and 0.04 kg/667m~2molybdenum fertilizer could increase the P content of B.striata in open environment.If the amount of fertilizer was too high,it would inhibit the absorption of N、P elements,and the content of boron and molybdenum in tuber would also be reduced.2.To some extent,the application of appropriate amount of boron and molybdenum fertilizer in the growth period of B.striata could increase the SPAD,Fv/Fm、ETR of B.striata leaves and the photosynthetic rate of B.striata.The boron fertilizer of 0.41kg/667m~2and molybdenum fertilizer combined treatment of 0.24 kg/667m~2could significantly improve the SPAD of B.striata in forest environment;and the SPAD value of B.striata in open environment was generally higher than that in open environment.Under the forest,and the open environment the net photosynthetic rate was the highest after treatment with 1.40 kg/667m~2boron fertilizer and 0.14 kg/667m~2molybdenum fertilizer.The Pn was significantly higher than that of the other treatments in June.3.Different combinations of boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer could promote the increase of ground diameter and stem height.1.40 kg/667m~2of boron fertilizer and 0.14 kg/667m~2of molybdenum fertilizer were the largest ground diameter in the two environments.There were significant differences between them and other treatments.when we only add 1.40 kg/667m~2boron fertilizer,it could significantly increase the stem height of B.striata in the forest environment,and the difference between different fertilization treatments was small.The diameter and height of the stem in the forest environment were higher than those in the open environment.4.Different ratios of boron and molybdenum could increase the fresh weight and polysaccharide content of B.striata.The boron fertilizer of 1.40 kg/667m~2and molybdenum fertilizer of 0.14 kg/667m~2had the most significant effect on the increase of fresh weight in the two environments.When the fertilizer treatment was 2.40 kg/667m~2boron fertilizer and 0.04 kg/667m~2molybdenum fertilizer combination,the content of polysaccharide in both environments reached the highest value in this experiment,1.40kg/667m~2boron fertilizer,0.14 kg/667 m~2of molybdenum fertilizer was the second highest in polysaccharide content.The optimum fertilization amount was 1.40 kg/667m~2boron fertilizer and 0.14kg/667m~2molybdenum fertilizer.It was expected that this experiment would provide a scientific basis for fertilization theory for increasing yield,quality and economic income.更多还原