【作者】 高正辉；

【导师】 朱立武； 徐义流；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 种植， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 砀山酥梨原产安徽砀山,栽培历史悠久,是目前我国梨的重要晚熟主栽品种,约占中国梨栽培总面积的1/4。近年来,由于管理粗放、生产投入减少、气候变化等原因,导致砀山酥梨的品质有所下降,为此,已有很多关于砀山酥梨土肥水、树体改造、果园覆盖、生草等方面优质丰产栽培技术的研究,但鲜有关于砀山酥梨大棚栽培方面的研究,在生产中能得到成熟应用的技术更少。本研究以砀山酥梨为试材,采用大棚覆盖措施与综合栽培管理技术结合的方法,研究了砀山酥梨大棚栽培环境下温湿度、光照强度、物候期、生长特性及其对果实品质的影响,为砀山酥梨栽培新模式提供理论和实践依据。获得了如下主要结论：1、在大棚栽培环境下的砀山酥梨,生长期内日平均气温比露地要高0.56-C,2月底至3月底,棚内外气温差值相对较大；棚内的平均湿度的变化保持相对稳定,大多时间维持在59%-69%之间,比棚外平均湿度降低3.08%。2、大棚内外树体受光照强度与日照光强由弱—强—弱的变化一致,但棚内的光照强度明显低于棚外的,主要是自9：00时之后,随着太阳光照增强,棚内光照强度折损率变大,棚内光照强度折光损失率总体在35%～45%之间。3、大棚栽培比棚外提早了物候期,大棚内的芽萌动期、初花期、盛花期、落花期分别比棚外的提早了5d、3d、4d、4 d；果实成熟期提前2 d。4、大棚栽培条件下的砀山酥梨,叶片中叶绿素含量在各个生育期均降低,棚外栽培含量高于棚内；新梢生长量棚外比棚内明显增长；单叶厚度、比叶重棚内栽培明显降低。5、大棚栽培的砀山酥梨果实生长发育经历呈现由慢—快—慢的生长过程。幼果期的果实纵、横径、重量缓慢上升与棚外生长动态基本无差异；果实进入膨大期,果实纵横径、重量增长速率明显加快,果实纵径的增长速率高于横径；进入成熟期,果实横、纵径增长速率减缓；至采收时,棚内外果型基本相似,平均单果重相当,果实的横径略大于纵径。6、成熟期果实,棚内栽培的砀山酥梨果面黄绿亮,果点变小且密度变稀,比棚外栽培减少2.4个/cm2；平均单果重和产量分别都达到300 g和2500 kg/667m2以上,都能满足优质果生产和市场需要。通过大棚栽培试验,棚内与棚外果肉石细胞相比较,果肉石细胞大小为0.25-0.50 mm的含量,增加0.053g/100 g；果肉石细胞0.5～0.75 mm的含量,降低0.002g/100 g；果肉中大于0.75mm石细胞,增多0.012g/100 g；果肉石细胞总干重差异不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 ’Dangshansuli’pear originated from Anhui Dangshan, which cultivation has a very long history and an important late maturing Pear Cultivars. In recent years, because of extensive management, decreasing production inputs, climate change and so on, the quality of’Dangshanli’pear dropped. Therefore, many different cultivation measures and Super High-yielding Technique research about transformation of soil, fertilizer and orchard; the cover plants and that of mulching. However, the study of’Dangshansuli’pear plastichouse cultivation is few and the mature successful technology in productioncan is fewer.’Dangshansuli’pear was selected as the research materials by means of combined with the plastichouse cover and cultivation management technology. Effects of plastichouse temperature and humidity, light intensity, phenophase, growth characteristics on the quality of ’Dangshansuli’pear fruit were studied, to provide theoretical and practical basis for new cultivation mode of’Dangshansuli’pear. The main results are as follows:1. In the environment of plastichouse cultivation of’Dangshansuli’pear, of which daily average temperature was 0.56 ℃ higher than the growth period to open. At the end of February to the end of March, the temperature difference between inside and outside greenhouse was relatively large. The change of inside greenhouse average humidity was relatively stable, which was maintained at 59%～69% most of the time, and was lower 3.08% than the average humidity of outside greenhouse.2. The light intensity of the trees inside and outside the canopy displayed with sunshine intensity by the weak strong weak change was consistent. However, the light intensity of plastichouse inside was lower than the outside.The light intensity impairment rate inside greenhouse became larger with the sunshine intensity enhancement from 9:00. which loss rate generally rangede from 35% to 45%.3. The phenology of plastichouse cultivation was earlier than that of the outdoors, and the sprout, first-flowering, flowering, the fallen flowering of inside plastichouse were respectively in advance 5 days,3 days,4 days,4 days than that of the outside; Fruit ripening by 2 days.4. The ’Dangshansuli’ pear of plastichouse cultivation, whose leaf chlorophyll content decreased along the growth stages. The chlorophyll content and shoot growth outside plastichouse were higher than those of inside. Single leaf thickness and leaf weight ratio were quite the contray.5. The growth and development of ’Dangshansuli’ pear under the plastichouse cultivation presented by the process of "slow-fast-slow" growth pattern. Fruit vertical diameter, transverse diameter and weight rised slowly during the young fruit period inside plastichouse, which were almost the same with the dynamic growth with outdoors. Going into the fruit expansion phase, the growth rate of the fruit vertical diameter, transverse diameter and weight significantly accelerated. Fruit diameter growth rated higher than the transverse diameter. Of which growth rate slowed down when it went into fruit mature period. To harvest, the shape of fruit presented similarly both indoors and outdoors. The average weight was fairly, and the fruit transverse diameter was slightly larger than the vertical diameter.6. Under the fruit maturing period, the surface of ’Dangshansuli’ pear inside plastichouse cultivation showed a yellow-green light and the spot on the fruit was smaller and the density became thinning. The production in the greenhouse cultivation reduced 2.42 per square centimeter than that of outdoors; The fruit average weight and yield achieved up to 300 g and 2500 kg per 676 square metre, which can meeted the needs of both the high-quality fruit production and marketing. By the plastichouse cultivation experiment and comparison of between plastichouse cultivation and outdoor cultivation, the results showed that the content of the fruit pulp stone cell was 0.25-0.50 mm which can increase 0.053 g per 100 g of fruit; when reach to 0.5-0.75 mm which would reduce 0.002 g per 100 g of fruit. The fruit pulp stone cell was larger than 0.75 mm which can increase 0.012 g per 100 g of fruit; However, there was no significant difference in the total dry weight of pulp stone cells.更多还原