【作者】 李沺；

【导师】 徐逸伦；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 城市规划与设计， 2014， 硕士

【副题名】基于Z村的社会生活

【摘要】 在新型城镇化背景下,“乡村问题能否妥善解决事关中国现代化的成败和社会的长期稳定”已经成为学界的基本共识,研究城镇化问题的角度从工业化和城市向农业和农村地区的转变赋予了农村社区特殊的意义。我国乡村社会在现代化的洗礼中,抵制与适应、成效和代价并存,呈现出独具特色的中国式图景,这种回应同时对历经演化和变迁的乡村社会作出反馈。当前我国存在乡村经济发展乏力、从业人口老化、生态危机严重、公共服务供给不足等问题。在村镇建设方面尤其缺乏对乡村特点的把握和对乡土文化尊重与延续；在社会治理方面,自上而下的建设管理模式不符合我国农村社会的自治传统和村镇发展的客观要求；在理论体系建设方面,缺乏对村镇发展特点的规划理论和技术。而对这一系列的问题仍旧处于认识阶段和实践探索阶段。农村建设囿于规划的工程性特征和急于求成的心态,往往偏重于对农村社区物质空间改造,缺少对社会空间的研究。而在乡村结构转型背景下,农村社区已经打破城乡二元结构框架,呈现出具有内部二元性的“城乡连续谱”的空间样态。基于现有半城市化理论的相关研究总结以及相关社会学理论基础,本文试图以南京市江宁区周村社区为实证对象,展开大城市近郊农村社区的这一典型二元社区的社会空间研究。研究从整体社会样态和个体行为空间两个方面展开实证分析,确定以周村为典型的大都市近郊农村社区具备这一显著特征,并认为过渡性的二元社区是迂回城镇化模式下的不可逆选择。整体社会样态特征研究部分首先分析了二元规制的社会“嵌入”现象,其次通过居住空间、生活空间和生产空间的定性和定量分析,得出大都市近郊农村社区呈现出非正规性和边缘化的社会空间静态特征和潮汐行和游移性的社会空间动态特征。乡村社区的生活、生产空间嵌入城市体系中,农村社会整体呈现出参与人群多元分化、地点多级分化的非正规性的组织逻辑和规范系统,相对于城市居民乡村社区居民呈现日益边缘化的倾向。潮汐性和游移性的社会空间动态特征则表现为长期的规模城乡通勤者的存在以及农村社区的职住分离下的社会群体复杂化和流动性。个体行为空间特征研究部分在“城市性”行为生活方式的理论框架下进行,依据沃思的经典的“城市性”分析模型展开了行为、意识、结构三个层次的社区行为空间特征分析,归纳总结出个体行为空间具有二元性和流变性特征。“城市性”只停留在城市生活营生的需要,而乡土文化和习性依旧发挥着路径依赖作用。通过整体与个体分析,基于“城乡连续谱”的空间验证,界定在制度、经济和社会的作用下,乡村空间结构呈现出嵌入城市体系的社会空间特征,即“家庭——家族——城市空间”向“家庭——社区——城市空间”的准“城市性”嵌套结构的嬗变过程。大都市近郊农村社区呈现出乡土性与城市性重叠、领域感与开放性互构的二元特性。乡土性与城市性在二元社区的内部空间中相互依赖作用而得以固化,增加的社区社会的开放性程度的同时,社区社会的领域感也逐渐增强。并得出三点研究启示：第一,城市性的提升是实现人的城镇化的核心内涵,其次,乡土性的延续是维持城乡和谐稳定的重要线索。第三,社区建设对于城镇化发展具有重要作用。具体的空间策略包括提出设施和服务均等化、产业服务功能化和居住环境品质化是引导城市性的三大空间策略；乡土性则可通过经济生产在地化、特色风貌原生态化和农民群体主体化三大路径得以重塑。社区的再造则可通过合理布局居住空间、塑造公共空间和加强建设社区自组织的管理模式得以实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the contextof new-style urbanization, there is a basic consensus onthe issue about whether the rural problems can be solved is relative to success of China’s modernization and social long-term stability. Thus, Special significance will be granted to the rural communities when the search perspective of urbanization is transited from industrialization and urban to agriculture and rural areas. Along with development of the modernization of rural society, the coexistence of boycott and adaptation, effectiveness and costs, shows a picture of the unique Chinese style, which responses to the rural community simultaneously in the evolution and change. Currently in China, there exist problems such as weakness of rural economic development, the aging of the working population, severe ecological crisis, inadequate supply of public services, and other issues. Particularly for construction in villages and towns, the lack of grasp of rural characteristics and the respect and continuity of local culture takes serious. And in social governance, the above-to-below management or construction model does not meet the objective requirements of the social autonomy tradition and rural development in China’s rural areas. Also in construction of the theoretical system, it lacks planning theory and technology focused on rural development characteristics. As to the series of problems, it still stays in the cognitive stage and practically exploratory stage. Confined to project planning features and anxious state of mind in rural construction, it always prefers space re-construction of rural communities, but lacks research on the social space. While in rural restructuring background, rural communities have broken the framework of urban-rural structure, showing a space style——urban-village continuum" ——which is characterized in internal duality. Based on summarization of existing relative researches in theory of semi-urbanization, as well as the corresponding basic of sociological theory. This article attempts, taking Jiangning District Zhoucun community in Nanjing City for sample study, to undertake social space research of suburban rural communities close to metropolitan, which is typically dualistic. The empirical research goes through two sides——the whole social pattern and individual behavior space, which determines that suburban rural communities close to metropolitan——typically like Zhoucun——have this remarkable feature. Additionally, it is hold that the transitional dualistic community is the irreversible choice in a roundabout model of urbanization. The research on entire characteristic of social pattern analyzes embedded phenomena in dualistic soci al at first place. Next, this thesis has drawn a conclusion that rural community in metropolitan suburb has both static and dynamic characteristics via qualitative and quantitative analysis on residential spac e, lebensraum and productive space. The social spatial static characteristics include informality and m arginalization; meanwhile the social spatial dynamic characteristics involve tidal variations and shiftin g changes. Along with lebensraum and productive space of rural community embedding into urban sy stem, the rural entire society has presented a kind of informal organizational logic and system, which contains diverse population and multi-polarization site. This informality of rural community’s resident s also has a marginalization inclination compared to urban residents. The dynamic social spatial chara cteristics which containing tidal variations and shifting changes have manifested that rural community have sizable rural-urban commuters chronically as well as complicated and fluid social group under t he background of rural home-work separation. Under the theoretical framework of urbanism life style, the research about individual behavior spatial characteristics analyzed the community behavior space in 3 ways, which is behavior, consciousness and structure. Based on this, the thesis indicates that indiv idual behavior space has both dualistic feature and fluid feature. Therefore, urbanism just remains in t he need of earning an urban life; otherwise the native culture and habit still played a significant path d ependent function.Through the overall and individual analysis, rural spatial structure presents the social spatial characte ristics embedded into city system, namely transforming the evolution of nested structure from"family- family -- city " to the "family-Community - city ",based on the space verification of ’urban-rural continuum". Metropolitan suburban rural communities showing two properties that is overlaping localism and urbanism, interactiving territoriality and open. And obtains three implications:And obtains three implications:First, the promotion of urbanism is the core of urbanization, demanding equality of the facilities and services, function of industrial service and optimization the living environment-Secondly, the continuation of localism is important to urban and rural harmony and stablility, depending on local industry, original features and people’s states.Additionally, the community construction plays an necessary role in the development of urbanization. When we should layout residential spacereshape the public space,strengthen the construction of community self-organizing management reasonably.更多还原