转换能力在创造性思维中的作用：流体智力的中介效应

【作者】 潘旋；

【导师】 刘昌；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 创造力是人类特有的一项高级认知能力,它是一种提出或产出具有新颖性和适切性的工作成果的能力。执行功能是一种有目的的控制机制,能够协调人类复杂的认知活动；它包括抑制、转换、记忆刷新三个子成分。在传统的创造力研究中,对发散思维的过度重视造成了创造性思维是去执行控制的、注意力散焦的这一认知。然而创造性思维作为一种复杂的、高级的认知过程,必然会涉及执行功能的监控和计划。同时,流体智力作为颇有争议的创造力影响因子之一,它与创造性思维的关系也一直处于争议中。虽然大多数有关研究显示创造力和智力是两个不同的不相关的能力,但近年来,随着研究方法的发展,像潜变量分析的广泛使用,研究者们开始重新思考流体智力与创造性思维之间的关系。本研究通过潜变量分析,直接探讨执行控制中的转换与创造性思维的关系,同时探讨流体智力对执行功能和创造性思维之间关系的中介作用与调节作用。研究对104名被试的创造性思维、转换能力和流体智力进行了测量。结果发现转换能力与流体智力到创造性思维的路径系数均显著；转换能力到创造性思维的数量方面(流畅变通性)的路径系数显著；而流体智力到创造性思维的质量方面(独创性)的路径系数显著。在转换能力与创造性思维的关系中,流体智力的中介效应显著,但调节效应不显著。基于上述研究结果,得出以下研究结论：转换能力在创造性思维中有着积极的作用,创造性思维并非是去执行控制的；在创造性思维过程中,转换能力有助于被试停止从一个概念类别中产生想法,继而转向另一个类别,产生更多更加新颖的想法；流体智力通过影响目标制定、提供思维逻辑和调用已有的知识来影响创造性思维过程。执行功能,特别是转换能力与创造性思维之间关系的研究时间还很短,今后的研究如果能确定转换能力对创造力的促进作用,那么就能够在实践中指导教育教学。未来研究还可以进一步结合认知神经科学的研究方法,如高时间精度的事件相关电位技术和高空间精度的脑功能成像技术,采用更适合的实验范式来研究执行功能在创造性思维中所起的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Creativity is one kind of high cognitive ability possessed exclusively by human beings. It is defined as the ability to raise or develop some work products, which are novel and useful. Executive function (EF) is a goal-directed control mechanism, which could coordinate various complex human cognitive activities. There are three sub components in EF, including inhibition, switching, and memory updating. In conventional studies of creativity, researchers believed that creative thinking is low EF involved and defocused because of their over emphasis on divergent thinking. However, as a high leveled and complex cognitive process, creative thinking must involve some basic cognitive processes, like setting goals. In addition, although many studies showed that fluid intelligence and creativity are two irrelevant abilities, recently researchers have been reconsidering their relationship because of the development of research methods, like the wide use of latent variable analysis.The current study focuses on the relationship between cognitive switching and creative thinking by using latent variable analysis. On the other hand, we also take into account the possible mediating and moderating effect of fluid intelligence in the relationship between cognitive switching and creative thinking.104participants attended this study. They were given measurements of creative thinking, cognitive switching and fluid intelligence. The results showed that the path coefficients through cognitive switching and fluid intelligence to creative thinking were significant. Cognitive switching had a significant influence on the quantity aspect of creative thinking, while fluid intelligence had a significant influence on the quality aspect of creative thinking. There was a significant mediating effect of fluid intelligence in the relationship between cognitive switching and creative thinking, but the moderating effect was not significant. The conclusions were as follows:creative thinking is high EF involved; cognitive switching could facilitate the process of stopping thinking in one particular conceptual category and switching into another category; fluid intelligence would mediate the process of creative thinking through setting goals, providing logic, and invoking existed knowledge.The history of researching on the relationship between EF, particularly cognitive switching, and creative thinking is very short. If the positive link between cognitive switching and creative thinking could be confirmed, it would be very useful in practical education. Future studies could use some methods from cognitive neuroscience, like event-related potentials and functional MRI technique to further figure out the relationship between executive function and creative thinking and its mechanism.更多还原