【作者】 黄芥；

【导师】 傅根跃； 董光恒；

【作者基本信息】 浙江师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 人类对于攻击性行为的研究已经有漫长历史,心理学家PAPK曾说：“本世纪(20世纪)过去的岁月里,很少有几个课题,像攻击性及其行为一样,能引起如此多的理论和实践的关注”。当然,国内的学者也不例外,随着研究技术的创新,研究者从外显和内隐两个层面对攻击性进行了广泛研究,各种学说众说纷纭,注意偏向的研究是近年来情绪和认知领域的热点,本研究采用情绪面孔图片为实验材料,使用点探测和线索靶子两个实验任务来探讨不同攻击性水平大学生注意偏向的特点及其内在机制。实验一采用行为实验和问卷调查相结合的方法,以本科一年级至研究生三年级的大学生为研究对象,使用注意偏向研究范式中的点探测范式,探讨不同外显和内隐攻击水平大学生对不同情绪类型面孔图片的注意偏向特点。实验一的研究结果只能说明不同攻击水平者是否存在注意偏向的差异,但是这种注意偏向究竟是对负性刺激的注意警觉还是对负性刺激的解除困难,这是实验二要探讨的问题。实验二采用行为实验和问卷调查相结合的方法,以本科一年级至研究生三年级的大学生为研究对象,使用注意偏向研究范式中的线索靶子范式,探讨不同外显和内隐攻击水平大学生对不同情绪类型面孔图片的注意偏向的机制。研究结果表明(1)使用点探测任务考察攻击性水平对注意偏向的影响,实验结果表明高外显攻击者对负性情绪刺激表现出注意偏向,在有限的视觉注意资源条件下对负性刺激更加警觉,对负性刺激具有加工易化的特征。(2)高内隐攻击者对负性情绪刺激与高外显攻击者表现出同样的注意偏向,在有限的视觉注意资源条件下对负性刺激更加警觉,对负性刺激具有加工易化的特征。(3)使用线索靶子任务考察攻击性水平对注意偏向的机制,实验结果表明：高外显攻击者在无效线索条件下对以负性情绪面孔为提示线索的靶刺激的平均反应时显著长于正性和中性,表现出明显的注意解除困难,在有效线索条件下,对三种类型的情绪面孔为提示线索的靶刺激反应时无显著差异,未能表现出对负性刺激的注意警觉。(4)高内隐攻击者在无效线索条件下对以负性情绪面孔为提示线索的靶刺激的平均反应时显著长于正性和中性,表现出明显的注意解除困难,在有效线索条件下,对三种类型的情绪面孔为提示线索的靶刺激反应时无显著差异,未能表现出对负性刺激的注意警觉。(5)高外显攻击者与高内隐攻击者的注意偏向机制是一致的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The human beings have studied aggressive behaviors for a very long time. Park once said:"there is few research projects, such as attack and attack behavior, which have evoked so many theories and practice in the past century." The domestic scholars also follow closely the international research trend, emerging one aggressive research after another. With the development research technology, the researchers make a extensive study of aggression from the following two aspects:explicit and implicit level. As theories vary, no unanimous conclusion can be drawn. Studies of attention bias is a hot spot in the field of emotion and cognition in recent years. This research adopted emotional face pictures as experiment material, and two experiment tasks including the probe detection task and cue-target task were used to explored the characteristics and intrinsic mechanism of attention bias on the college students with different aggressive levels. The combination of behavioral experiments and questionnaire survey methods was performed in Experiment1. We used the first-year undergraduate to third-year graduate students as research subjects, and the probe detection paradigm in the attentional bias research paradigm was used to explore the characteristics of attention bias concerning the college students with different aggressive levels (explicit and implicit level) to different kinds of emotional face pictures. The results of Experiment1only indicate whether differences in the attentional bias of individuals with different aggressive levels. But this attentional bias is whether attention vigilance or removing difficulties to negative stimuli, and it’s a question to explore of Experiment2. Experiment2also adopted the combination of behavioral experiments and questionnaire survey methods, and the first-year undergraduate to third-year graduate students were also taken into account for research subjects. We used the cue-target paradigm in the attentional bias research paradigm to explore the intrinsic mechanism of attention bias concerning the college students with different aggressive levels to different kinds of emotional face pictures.This study explored the attentional bias in chinese college students with different aggressive levels. The results indicated that (1) when the probe detection task was used to explored the influence of aggressive levels to the attentional bias, we found that high explicit attackers showed attention bias to negative emotional stimuli. Specifically, it could make them go on more alert to negative stimulation under the condition of limited visual attention resources, and it had the characteristics of facilitation during the process.(2) high implicit attackers showed attention bias to negative emotional stimuli, just as the same as high explicit attackers. And it could also make them go on more alert to negative stimulation under the condition of limited visual attention resources. It had the characteristics of facilitation during the process.(3) when the cue-target task was used to explored the intrinsic mechanism of aggressive levels to the attentional bias, the experimental results showed that the average reaction time of high explicit attackers to target stimulus which negative emotional face was clue was significantly longer than that of positive and neutral emotional face under the condition of invalid clues. And it showed obvious attentional removing difficulties. There were no reaction time differences when three types of emotional face was clue as target stimulus under the condition of valid clues. It could not make them go on alert to negative stimulation.(4) the average reaction time of high implicit attackers to target stimulus which negative emotional face was clue was significantly longer than that of positive and neutral emotional face under the condition of invalid clues. And it also showed obvious attentional removing difficulties. There were no reaction time differences when three types of emotional face was clue as target stimulus under the condition of valid clues. It couldn’t also make them go on alert to negative stimulation.(5) the bias mechanism of attention bias on high explicit attackers was the same as that on high implicit attackers.更多还原