【作者】 王颖颖；

【导师】 左思民；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以现代汉语中常被看作指示代词的“这么”、“那么”为研究对象,探讨它们在指示用法方面的问题。由于“这么”和“那么”包括形素“这”、“那”,因此以往有关“这么”和“那么”的研究大多被包含在“这”、“那”的研究中,也往往忽视了“这么”和“那么”在指示用法上的特殊性。单独以“这么”、“那么”为研究对象的学术成果有限,以它们之间区别为主要研究对象的成果更是少之又少。为此,本文立足于语料的搜集、调查与分析,专门探讨指示代词“这么”、“那么”在指示用法方面的问题。文章的写作思路是先描写、再调查、后解释。首先,本文在前人研究的基础上,归纳并进一步描写“这么”、“那么”的语法特点。“这么”、“那么”的主要语法特点是作修饰语,指示性状属性。但这种性状属性常常较宽泛也难以具体表述。其次,基于对1400条语料的考察,我们得出“这么”、“那么”在使用中,多数情况下“可替换”而只在少数情况下才“难替换”的现象。同时,本文通过对其中160条例句进行调查也证明了上述看法的真实性。但“这么”和“那么”在多数情况下“可替换”,并不意味着它们之间就无差别。所以,接下来本文讨论了“这么”和“那么”在语义上近、远指区别的具体表现。并将这些区别概括为空间距离的远近、时间距离的远近、心理距离的远近、语篇指示的远近、人称指示的远近和唯一及非唯一的区别等等。最后,我们讨论了在语义上具有近远差异的“这么”和“那么”,之所以在多数情况下“可替换”,是因为在使用中受到了复杂语用因素的制约,使得它们之间的近远区别变得不重要,进而也就可以互相替换。当“这么”和“那么”同时受到空间、时间和心理距离等不同因素制约并且制约因素作用的方向相反时,句中用“这么”还是“那么”就取决于说话者的选择,说话者的选择策略不同,“这么”和“那么”的取舍就不同。同时,若没有相关语境提供明确的涉及远近的参照点,话语中也没有明确的涉及远近的词语时,也会出现“这么”和“那么”在同一句子中可以互相替换的现象。当然,客观的远近界限分不清,也会使得“这么”和“那么”之间的近远区别变得不重要,它们之间也就可以替换。此外,空间、时间、心理距离和语篇、人称指示对“这么”和“那么”的制约只是基本层次的制约而说话者的选择策略和远近不明或界限不清对“这么”、“那么”的制约才是高一层次的制约,是起决定作用的。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis explores ’zheme’(这么) and ’name’(那么)in the modern Chinese which are usually regarded as the demonstrative pronouns. The aim of this research is to inquire into their deictic usages. Because ’zheme’ and ’name’ always includes the morph of ’zhe’ and ’na’, the research of zheme ’and ’name’ is mostly included in the study of ’zhe’ and ’na’, and ignores their special characters. The academic achievements of the research on ’zheme’ and ’name’ are very limited, specially the ones devoted to exploring the differences betweet the two terms. Therefore, this paper focuses on the study on their deictic usages and bases on the collection, investigation and analysis of corpora.First of all, the paper will descript the grammatical features of ’zheme’ and ’name’, based on the previous research results. Grammatically, the two terms mainly function as modifiers, and have the function of instructing the broad characters and attributes. Secondly, using the1400corpus from the CCL corpus, we find the phenomenon that ’zheme’ and ’name’ can substitute each other in most cases. Only in the minority of cases, they can’t substitute. At the same time, questionnaire on160examples among the corpus also verify the existence of the phenomenon in practice. The results, however, does not mean that there is no difference between them. This paper discusses ’zheme’ and ’name’ on the semantic referring to proximal and distal terms to the manifestation of the difference. And these differences can be summarized as the near or far of spatial distance, temporal distance, psychological distance, discourse deixis, person deixis and unique and non-unique of the object, and so on. Finally, we discuss the reason why ’zheme’ and ’name’ can be replaced in most cases.When the ’zheme’ and ’name’ under the control of’psychological distance’at the same time and other factors (temporal distance, psychological distance etc), while the restricting factors are in the opposite direction, their difference is not important. Selecting ’zheme’ or ’name’ is determined by the speaker’s selection strategy. At the same time, if there is no relevant context that provides clear reference point, and discourse has no clear words about distance,’zheme’ and ’name’ can substitute each other. Of course, that the bound itself is not clear is another reason. In addition, spatial distance, temporal distance, psychological distance, discourse deixis, person deixis and unique and non-unique of the object are fundamental restriction factors. The speaker’s selection strategy, indefinite distance and the unclear bound of distance are determining factors.更多还原