【作者】 吴洋；

【导师】 赵勇；

【作者基本信息】 山东体育学院 ， 体育教学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 在现代足球运动的不断发展下,各种技战术的不断完善与进步,球队的攻击力在不断增强,从而导致防守能力的提高。因此在足球比赛进攻和防守这一尖锐矛盾中,如何使自己的盾更加坚固,让球队少失球甚至不失球,是当今足球运动专家研究的主要课题之一。足球比赛中进攻和防守这一对矛盾始终贯穿于整个比赛中,渗透在运动员的行动中,这对矛盾是相互制约,相互影响,相互促进的,并由此而推动足球技术、战术的不断发展。足球比赛中往往是因为防守体系出现短时间的混乱,造成本队失球,甚至是整场比赛的失利,因此当今世界足坛对如何防止失球特别的注重。然而,本文采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、录像观察法、数理统计法从防守的角度通过全面系统地分析研究2008年欧洲杯足球赛决赛阶段失球情况的因素,得出以下结论：1.2008年欧洲杯足球赛决赛阶段的31场比赛中共失球77个球(不包括乌龙球),场均失球2.48个。本届欧洲杯足球赛下半场的失球数高于上半场,下半场各时间段进球数逐渐上升且延续到补时阶段。在时间段上来看,失球时段最少的是0-15min,失球最多时段是76-90min；失球区域有显著的特征,主要表现在2区和3区失球数较高,共失球72个,占总失球数的93.5%,这说明2区和3区是创造射门得分机会最多的进攻区域；罚球区内完成射门得分占总数的93.5%,在罚球区外射门得分占总进球的总数为6.5%,罚球区内仍是攻守双方争夺的焦点,罚球区外射门的成功率不算太高；边路防守失误所导致的失球总数为39个,占总失球数的50.6%,从中路被对方突破所导致的失球数为17个,占总失球数的22.1%。由此可以看出,在当今世界足球发展的新形式下,边路进攻手段已经成各球队用来撕开对方防线的主要突破口；个人进攻战术是构成局部和整体进攻战术的主要环节,失球数为12个,局部进攻造成失球数为65个。2.盯人不紧；定位球失利；守门员判断失误；防守队员自身失误；守门员扑救方式失误等。3.对当今国际足球比赛攻防技、战术发展趋势主要为：比赛的高对抗性；防守反击已成足球主流战术,各队越来越务实；定位球进攻战术；整体进攻战术；更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of modern football sport, various skills and strateiongies have gained perfection and improvement. The continuous progress of the attacking power of the football team causes the exaltation of the ability of defends, So in football game the aggression and defend this sharply the antinomy, how to solve the problem of making own shield more firmly so that it can’t be offended, to make ball team little to lose ball and even not lose ball, are one of the main topics in the present football game training science research. It takes the offensive and defensive antinomies in football game piercely through the whole game always, permeating in each activity of athlete, and this is a check and supervision to the antinomy mutually, influencing mutually, promoting mutually of, and from here but pushed a football technique, military tactice of continuously. creation with development. In football game usually is due to the defending system to appear short time of palliation of confusion, resulting in this team lose ball, even the competition of defeat on the whole. Thus for nowadays football altar in world, how to prevent from losing ball should paid attention to specially. How to prevent from losing ball should paid attention to specially. However, the representative game every four years organized by international football league, European Football Championship of the tallest lever will soon convene. Therefore, this paper uses documents, expert interviews, and video observation, mathematical statistics, logical analysis from the defense point of view through a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the2008European Cup finals losses of the factors, concluded that:1. In2008European Football Championship there are31matches and77lose ball excluding own goals,2.48lose ball per match. Goils in the second half are more than in the first and increases as time goes on to the injury time. Based on time periods, 0-15min has the least lose ball while76-90min has the most lose ball. Losses of region has significant features, losses mainly in zone2and3are higher number of total losses of72,the number of total losses of93.5percent.This indicates zone2and3is the attack area of create goal-scoring opportunity. In penalty area, it completed the total scoring of93.5percent. In total goals scored outside the penalty area to score a total of6.5%. Both offensive and defensive penalty area is still the focus of competition, outside the penalty area shot the success rate is not too high. Wing caused losses of defensive errors total of39,50.6%of the total losses of a few. Break from the Road was caused by the losses of the other party the number is17, the number of total losses of22.1percent. From this we can see in today’s world a new form of football development, has become the means of wing. Constitutes a personal attack tactics offensive tactics of local and overall the main link, losses of a few to12, number of local attacks caused losses of65.2.2008European Cup finals losses of main factors:Stare insertion loss; Ball lost; Stare defeat holders; Defender’s own mistakes; Goalkeeper fighting mode mistake, etc.3. Offense and defense in today’s international football matches on Technical and Tactical:High-confrontational game; has become the mainstream defenses of football tactics, teams increasingly pragmatic; Ball Attack Tactics; The whole offensive tactics.更多还原