基于宽带雷达的弹道导弹目标识别

【作者】 任远；

【导师】 沈晓峰；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 信息获取与探测技术（专业学位）， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 弹道导弹防御系统担负着现代战争条件下战略预警的重要任务,系统中核心技术之一就是对真假弹头的识别。具有宽带工作模式的陆基相控阵雷达以其较高的距离分辨能力,能够获得目标的一维距离像(High Resolution Range Profile: HRRP)与二维逆合成孔径雷达图像(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar:ISAR),可以提高弹道导弹防御系统对弹道导弹目标的识别能力,是整个弹道导弹防御系统的核心。本文以弹道导弹防御中的真假弹头识别为背景,以HRRP和ISAR像为基础,针对弹头、各类轻/重诱饵开展了特征提取方法和算法研究。并利用仿真数据对本文研究的各种特征提取算法进行了验证,证明了方法和算法的有效性。本文的主要工作如下：1.分析了典型弹道导弹弹头模型的电磁散射特性和运动特征。建立了描述弹头微动状态的目标本体坐标系等四个坐标系,并给出了坐标转换的方法。为后续研究弹头在不同运动参数下进行回波与算法仿真提供了支撑。2.分析了弹头运动对一维距离像的影响,重点开展了基于HRRP的目标长度特征、进动周期和进动角等运动特征提取的方法和算法研究。利用目标电磁散射的仿真数据进行了仿真实验,验证了以上几种方法和算法的有效性。3.介绍了ISAR成像的原理,对几种经典的平动补偿算法进行了仿真验证,为进一步的弹道导弹目标的ISAR成像研究奠定了基础。4.分析了弹道导弹中段飞行的ISAR成像的条件,研究了通过弹头特有的进动运动进行成像的方法并进行了仿真。根据弹头形状结构,研究了通过ISAR图像提取目标长度特征的方法。仿真结果表明该方法提取的弹头长度特征受弹头的姿态影响较小,是一种较为稳健的特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern warfare, Ballistic missile defense(BMD) system undertakes the important task of strategic defense warning system. The Ground Based phased array radar with broadband mode has a high range resolution, which allow it to obtain the target’s High Resolution Range Profile-HRRP and Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar(ISAR) image. It could effectively improve the BMD’s ability to discriminate ballistic missile target. And so it is the core of the whole BMD system.With the background of target recognition for ballistic missile defense system, this dissertation study the methods of feature extraction for ballistic missile warhead and heavy/light decoy based on HRRP and ISAR image. And verify these feature extraction methods with simulation data, prove the effectiveness of these methods. The main research content includes:1. Analyze the scattering points characteristic and motion characteristic of a conventional ballistic missile warhead, establish the four coordinate system to describle the warhead’s motion. And introduce the methods of coordinate system transformation. Which support study the echo and algorithm simulation of the warhead with different motion parameter.2. Analyze the affect of movement to the warhead’s HRRP. Focus on the extraction methods of length feature, procession cycle feature, procession angle feature.Using the data from electromagnetic scattering calculation to verify the effectiveness of these methods.3. The basic principle of ISAR imaging is introduced. Several classic motion compensation methods about range alignment and phase reference are studied and simulated. Laid the foundation for further study of the ballistic missile target ISAR imaging.4. Analyze the imaging condition of midcourse targets. Research the imaging methods for midcourse targets based on the warhead’s procession motion. According to the shape of warhead, the methods to extract length feature of the warhead were proposed. The simulation results shows that warhead’s length feature extracted by this method has little affection to the change of warhead’s posture, And so is a steady feature.更多还原