【作者】 孙于龙；

【导师】 李福洲； 胡利民；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 山西长治地区煤炭、钢铁资源丰富,境内钢铁企业和火力发电厂众多,使得此地区钢渣和粉煤灰资源丰富、价格低廉。采用钢渣和粉煤灰进行配料生产水泥熟料,不仅可以满足水泥厂的生产需要,还能帮助当地的钢铁企业和火力发电厂解决钢渣与粉煤灰大量堆积污染周围环境的问题,获得良好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益,可谓一举多得。不同原材料对水泥生料易烧的性的影响不同,为此,开展山西长治地区水泥原材料特性及其配料设计研究,指导当地水泥企业采用钢渣和粉煤灰进行配料生产,为提高水泥熟料质量及产量、降低能耗提供理理论依据。本文针对山西长治地区有代表性的水泥原材料的特性进行了分析研究,并进行了配料设计。采用x射线荧光分析和X射线衍射技术对原材料的特性进行了分析。在相同的熟料设计率值、相同的烧成制度下,选用不同原材料分别进行了生料易烧性实验。研究结果表明：钢渣可以替代铁矿石进行配料生产硅酸盐水泥熟料,还能显著改善生料易烧性、降低熟料烧成热耗。粉煤灰可以代替粘土生产出品质合格的硅酸盐水泥熟料,还能降低生料粉磨电耗、节省烘干热耗。提出了具有指导意义的配料设计方案,并应用于工业生产。通过实验研究了氟硫矿化剂(FS矿化剂)和铅锌渣对生料易烧性的影响。实验结果表明：FS矿化剂能够显著改善生料易烧性,大大降低熟料烧成温度。在实际生产中,建议CaF2的固定掺量为1.2%,氟硫比控制在1.0-1.2。铅锌渣能够显著改善生料易烧性,降低液相出现温度,促进游离氧化钙(f-CaO)吸收和硅酸盐矿物形成。但当掺加量超过一定值时可能会起到相反的作用,故在实际生产中,建议掺量为2%左右,不宜超过4%。在本文实验研究基础上,山西长治ZY水泥厂4000t/d水泥熟料生产线采用当地钢渣和粉煤灰代替铁矿石和粘土进行配料生产,使得熟料烧成热耗(3010kJ/kg.cl)和烧成电耗(63kWh/t.cl)达到国内先进水平。通过分析研究工业试生产情况得出结论：第一,合适的硫碱比(S/R)对窑系统的稳定、连续运转有重要意义,S/R失调会引起预热器结皮堵塞问题；第二,不易采用高硫煤调节S/R,脱硫灰可以用来调节窑系统中过低的S/R,使其趋近于1,从而降低窑尾预热器系统结皮堵塞问题的发生几率；第三,不同钢渣和粉煤灰由于其化学成分和矿物成分的差别,对生料易烧性、熟料烧成热耗和生料粉磨电耗有不同影响；第四,以可燃硫形式存在的硫元素会导致窑系统严重的结皮堵塞问题,合理控制以硫酸盐形式存在的硫元素,在熟料煅烧过程中能够起到矿化剂的作用,提高生料易烧性、降低熟料烧成热耗。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are many steel companies and thermal power plants in the area of Changzhi in Shanxi province where is rich in coal and steel, resulting in abundant resources of slag and fly ash, and whose prices are low. Using slag and fly ash to produce cement clinker, can not only meet the production requirements of the cement plants, but also help local steel companies and thermal power plants to solve the problems of slag and fly ash accumulations of pollution to the surrounding environment. Through this way, cement plants can achieve good economic, environmental and social benefits, which may be called "kill two birds with one stone." Different raw materials have different influences on raw meal, thus, characteristics of the raw materials in the area of Changzhi and proportioning design were studied, which can guide local cement plants using slag and fly ash to product and provide a theoretical basis for improve yield and quality of cement clinker and reduce energy consumption.This paper analyzed the characteristics of the representative cement raw materials in the area of Changzhi and did proportioning designs. The burnability of different cement raw meals which mixed by different raw materials were studied on the condition of same modulus value of clinker and burning system. The research results indicate that steel slag can substitute for iron ore to be used to product clinker, which can also significantly improve the burnability of raw meal and reduce energy consumption. Fly ash can take place of the clay in clinker production, which can also reduce power consumption of raw meal grinding and heat consumption of drying. A significant proportion scheme is proposed and applied in industrial production.The effects of fluoride and sulphate mineralizer (FS) and lead-zinc slag on the burnability of the raw meal by experiments were studied. The research results indicate that FS mineralization can significantly improve the burnability of the raw material and lower sintering temperature. We advised that the mixing amount of the CaF2is1.2%and the F/S ratio controlled between1.0and1.2in the industrial production. The lead-zinc slag can also significantly improve the burnability of the raw meal, dropping liquid phase appearance temperature of clinker burning and promote the absorption of free lime(f-CaO)and the formation of silicate minerals. However, it may has the opposite effect with the mixing amount over a certain value, so we proposal the dosage be about2%and below4%. Based on the research results of this paper, ZY cement plant4000t/d of clinker production line used local steel slag and fly ash instead of iron and clay to product cement clinker, which made the heat consumption (3010kJ/kg.cl) and power consumption (63kWh/t.cl) achieved internal advanced level. Through the analysis of the industrial trial production, we drew some conclusions. Firstly, the right sulfur-alkali ratio (S/R) has an important meaning on the stability of kiln system and continuous production. The disorder of S/R can lead to problem of incrustation and blocking in preheating system. Secondly, high sulfur coal cannot be used to regulate the low S/R in kiln system. But desulfurization ash can make S/R close to1, which can reduce the chances of incrustation and blocking. Thirdly, due to differences of chemical and mineral composition, different steel slag and fly ash have different effects on the burnability of the raw material and the heat consumption of clinker and the power consumption of raw meal grinding. Fourthly, the combustible sulfur of coal cause the problem of buildups jam easily. As long as its content is in the reasonable control range, sulfur in the form of sulphate plays the role of mineralizer in sintering process of clinker, which can improve the burnability of the raw material and the heat consumption of clinker.更多还原