【作者】 时文静；

【导师】 卞新民；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 生态学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 农村地表水环境污染是江苏省各个地区普遍存在的环境问题。随着经济的发展,江苏省水环境有恶化的趋势,直接制约着各地区社会和经济的可持续发展。江苏省苏南、苏中、苏北地区经济发展不均衡,区域水环境污染各有特点。因此,了解各地区农村地表水环境污染现状和特点对控制该地区水环境污染恶化、改善当地生态环境和实现地区经济与环境的协调发展具有重要的理论与现实意义。本论文通过对江苏省典型区域农村地表水环境进行调查取样分析,总结了江苏省农村水环境现状,并进行了主要污染指标的区域差异性分析；利用单因子评价法和内梅罗综合指标评价方法对江苏省典型区域农村地表水环境污染情况进行了分析评价；利用GIS、局部空间自相关分析,从县域尺度对农村地表水环境污染现状空间分布与空间聚集态势进行了研究；采用逐步回归分析,从社会、自然、农业、经济等因素入手,分析了各宏观影响因子对水环境质量的影响,并得出以下结论：(1)整体状况：2008年江苏省农村地表水环境质量状况不容乐观,未达Ⅲ类水标准的样本约占总样本数量的50%。典型区域的春季达标率苏南低于苏中,低于苏北,秋季三个典型区的达标率差异性减小。(2)区域差异性分析：溶解氧指标春季、秋季苏南典型区与苏中、苏北间存在显著差异,苏南典型区的高锰酸盐指数、氨氮指标季节间存在显著差异,苏中、苏北典型区的溶解氧指标存在季节间的显著差异。(3)污染评价：单因子评价的结果显示苏北典型区水环境质量优于苏中,苏南典型区水环境污染指标超标较为严重。氨氮指标为农村地表水环境中的主要污染指标。从综合评价来看,苏北、苏中典型区整体水环境质量良好,苏南典型区水环境整体质量与其他地区存在差距。(4)春秋变化：除溶解氧外,其他多项指标秋季相比春季有好转的趋势,2008年秋季农村地表水环境综合评价优于春季。(5)空间自相关：从江苏省县域农村地表水环境主要污染指标空间分布来看,从春季到秋季,高锰酸盐指数空间分布变化较为明显,春季污染区域较为集中；其高锰酸盐指数的空间聚集态势格局变化不大,形成了较为稳定的显著聚集区域。溶解氧指标区域空间差异性明显,苏南地区溶解氧含量偏低,苏北溶解氧含量较为丰富；溶解氧指标空间聚集态势变化较为显著,空间聚集与趋同性进一步增强。(6)影响因素：从江苏省农村地表水环境污染影响因素的主成分分析中,可以看出工业废水排放量、地区生产总值、环保支出等因素是影响典型区域农村地表水环境质量的因素,且苏南、苏中、苏北受因素影响的程度逐步加大。从江苏省农村地表水环境污染影响因素的逐步回归分析中,可以看出高锰酸盐指数的主要影响因素为人口密度、单位地表水资源量承载的农用化肥施用量、单位地表水资源量承载的肉类总产量、单位面积环保支出,人口密度为最主要相关因素。溶解氧指标的主要影响因素为单位面积地区生产总值、单位地表水资源量承载的内陆水产养殖产量、单位地表水资源量承载的肉类总产量、人口密度,单位面积地区生产总值为最主要相关因素。(7)对策控制：结合以上分析提出了农村地表水环境污染控制的宏观对策,并针对各区域污染特征分别提出了相关建议：苏南地区加强对工业污染的防治,加大财政投入中环保投入；苏中地区加强对重点地区污染的治理；苏北地区加强农业污染综合防治,同时注重当地工业发展对环境质量的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Surface water pollution of rural circumstance was a universal environmental problem in Jiangsu province. With the development of economy, the quality of water was getting worse and worse. Which directly restricted the sustainable development of society and economy. The level of economic development was unbalanced in different areas in Jiangsu province, and the feather of the pollution of regional water environment was diverse in different regions, so, the knowledge of the condition and feather of the surface water function area pollution of rural circumstance in each region was very important both in theory and realism to control surface water pollution of rural circumstance, improve the ecological environment and realizing the harmonized development of economy and environment.By sampling and analyzing the pollution of surface water function area about rural circumstance in typical regions of Jiangsu province, the article summarized the condition of the water circumstance, and analyzed the main pollution indexes of regional difference; it analyzed and evaluated the situation of the water pollution that in rural surface water function area in typical regions of Jiangsu province with single factor evaluating method and Nemerow index; it researched the spatial distribution and aggregating tendency of rural surface water environmental pollution on country scale using GIS and local space autocorrelation method; the paper also analyzed the influences of macroscopic impact factors which included society, nature, agriculture economy and so on using regression analysis. The results showed as follows:(1) Whole situation:The water environment quality of the rural surface water function area in Jiangsu province was not well and the rate of samples which did not reach III species was almost 50% in 2008.The rate of reaching standard of typical regions, the south Jiangsu province is the lowest among three regions,and the central Jiangsu province is lower than the north.(2) The results of regional difference analysis:One hand, the DO index showed significant difference between typical regions of southern Jiangsu and other areas of Jiangsu, which was both in spring and autumn. The other hand, the index of CODmn and NH3-H showed significant difference among different seasons in typical regions of southern Jiangsu, the index of DO also showed significant difference among different seasons in typical regions of center Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu.(3) Pollution evaluation:The single factor evaluating results showed that the quality of water environment in typical regions of north Jiangsu was better than typical regions of middle part and the pollution indexes in typical regions of south Jiangsu was over standard relatively serious. The index of NH3-H was the major pollution index in surface water of rural circumstance. From the comprehensive evaluation, as for the quality of water environment, the north Jiangsu and typical regions of middle part were well, and typical regions of the south Jiangsu was worse than others.(4) The changes in the spring and autumn period:Many indexes in the autumn have improvement trend than in the spring, the comprehensive evaluation of the rural surface water in autumn is better than that in spring.(5) Spatial autocorrelation:According to the spatial distribution of the main pollution indexes of surface water environment in Jiangsu province countryside, from spring to autumn, the index of CODmn showed obvious changer in the spatial distribution, in spring the pollution regions were always localize; and the space momentum of the CODmn index had little change, which formed a relatively stable and obvious space momentum area. The DO index showed obvious difference in regional spatial, in the south Jiangsu it was on the low side, while in northern Jiangsu it was relatively abundant; the change of the space momentum of the DO index was comparatively remarkable and the homoplasy was enhanced.(6) Influencing factors:In the principal component analysis of influencing factors about water environment pollution of rural surface water in Jiangsu, we can see that the discharge amount of industrial waste water, GDP, expenditure of environment protection are the main influencing factors. And the influence extent was increasing gradually.From stepwise regression analysis of influencing factors about water environment pollution of rural surface water in Jiangsu,we can see the main influencing factors of CODmn are population density、agricultural chemical fertilizer application in unit surface water resources、yield per unit area in inland aquaculture、population in unit surface water resources. Population density is the uppermost related factors. The main influencing factors of DO are GDP per unit area、inland aquacultural yield in unit surface water resources、population density、the total yield of meat by unit surface water resources which can load GDP per unit area is the uppermost related factors.(7) Control countermeasure: the author put forward the macroscopic countermeasures of the surface water environment pollution control and relevant suggestions based on every region: the south Jiangsu province can strengthen environmental protection devotion and the control of industrial pollution; the central Jiangsu province can strengthen the major area pollution treatment; the north Jiangsu province can strengthen the construction of agricultural pollution, of course, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of industrial development.更多还原