芥川龙之介死亡意识研究

【作者】 张冰冰；

【导师】 李志；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2011， 硕士

【摘要】 芥川龙之介(1892-1927)是日本新思潮派的主要作家。他的作品文笔俏皮,精深洗练,具有很高的艺术价值。但他却在35岁的时候,以自杀的方式结束了自己的生命。关于他自杀的原因众说纷纭,主要有身心苦痛不堪、世俗生活重负积压、私生活困扰以及创作上的枯竭、艺术至上与阶级意识的矛盾等。事实上,死亡这个主题,贯穿于芥川龙之介创作的始终。死亡的终极性和不可避免性,使得死亡成为个人本己的事件,因此将死亡置于社会个体的角度来考察,有助于分析个体面对死亡时意识的呈现,以及由死亡对生命的否定而展现出积极面对个体生命的人生意义,实现对生命的超越。本文尝试以文本分析为主要手段,对芥川龙之介创作的小说、散文及书信进行系统的比较、分析、阐释,以期探索存在并影响芥川一生的死亡意识,及其受到的日本本土文化传统与西方基督教文化传统之影响。本文共分四章。第一章导论以近十年中国国内对芥川龙之介的研究综述和死亡与文学创作的关系为主。第二章“芥川龙之介的死亡意识”,以芥川龙之介作品创作为线索,其死亡意识具体表现为：死亡的发现、死亡的恐惧、死亡的承担和死亡的超越。芥川龙之介的死亡意识突出表现为以自强不息的精神承担来超越死亡。第三章“芥川龙之介与日本传统死亡观”,日本传统宗教“神道教”给予芥川的影响在于对生命生死轮回的了悟,对人类力量的赞美,以及对赋予人类力量的自然的赞美,贯穿他一生的强者思想在此得到最充分的表现。武士道思想对生命的践踏则成了芥川所批判的对象,因为在他的认识论中,死亡更多是个体内向性的选择,是具有存在意义的个体断裂而非盲目疯狂的选择死；“物哀”则以对生命瞬间闪光的追求影响着芥川,追求一霎那的火花也是芥川龙之介文学创作的灵感所在。第四章“芥川龙之介与基督教死亡意识”。从艺术上的偏好到精神上的皈依,基督教和耶稣带给芥川以诗性的彼岸世界,和灵魂的上升与救赎。作为一个重视内心精神超过外在形式的“诗人”,作为凡人的生老病死、生活苦恼和作为超验主义诗人的“神性”,成为芥川与基督的契合点。总之,作为一个具有鲜明特色的作家,隐藏在芥川龙之介作品背后的对于死亡的探讨,使我们看到他在大正时期,在本土文化与西方文化双重影响下的死亡意识。这一死亡意识不是表面上对死亡的迷恋甚或是以死践之,而是由死亡来关注生命的存在、价值与意义,这也是本文想要表达的主要思想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Akuta Ryunosuke (1892-1927) is the leading writer of the New Sense school in Japan. His witty, profound,terse writing style makes his literary works are with high artistic value. Sadly he ended his own life to commit suicide. There is a range of views about the causes of his suicide, which mainly include great physical and psychological anguish, burden of secular life, trouble of private life, exhaustion on creation, conflicts between Art for Art’s Sake and class consciousness, and so on. In fact, the theme of death conventionally throughout his writing.The ultimate and inevitability of death make death a personal own event. So it will be helpful for us to analysis the consciousness of individuals to face death, and the meaning of facing life positively which is engendered by the fear that death is the negativity of life, and thus to realize the transcendence of life. This paper try to give Akuta Ryunosuke’s works a systematic comparison、analysis and interpretation with text analysis as main means,hoping to explor the death consciousness which had been existed and influenced the whole life of Akuta Ryunosuke and the influences got from the Japanese domestic cultural tradition and the western Christianity tradition.The paper is divided into four chapters. Chapter 1.The introduction part mainly states the research overview on Akuta Ryunosuke in China this decade, and the relationship between death and literary creation. Chapter 2.The death consciousness of Akuta Ryunosuke. Taking Akuta Ryunosuke’s literary creation as the main clue, this chaper expounds the found of death, the fear of death, the undertaking of death, the transcendence of death in the order that they appear in his life. Chapter 3. Akuta Ryunosuke and the Japanese traditonal concept of death. Shinto, Japanese traditional religion, has influenced Akuta Ryunosuke in these ways:the realizing of samsara, the praise of human strength, and the praise of giving human strenth. So Bushido became the target of criticism by Akuta Ryunosuke, while Sorrow has nfluenced Akuta Ryunosuke by the pursuit of instant flash of life. Chapter 4. Akuta Ryunosuke and Christian death consciousness. From artistic appetite to spiritual sustenance, Christian and Jesushas has gave Akuta Ryunosuke a poetic shore as well as the ascension and redemption of soul.In short, as a writer with distinct characteristics, the discussion of death which hidden in the Akuta’s work make us saw his consciousness of the death in the Taisho period, under the double impact of the local culture and Western culture. And this consciousness is not a fascination with death or even practice it, but pay attention to the existence of life, value and significance through death. This also is the main idea of this paper.更多还原