【作者】 郭德亮；

【导师】 吕周聚；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2011， 硕士

【副题名】论路翎小说的生命意识

【摘要】 在中国现代文学史上,路翎作为七月派小说的中坚力量,是一个独特的存在,他的作品以对原始生命强力的阐释和对人民内心活动的深入挖掘深深地触动着读者的灵魂,作品中内蕴着一股冲劲,有着浓烈的主观色彩,对国民性的剖析深入透彻,在文坛独树一帜。他的作品表现出对生命存在和生命尊严的极度关切,内蕴着强烈的生命意识和生活的最高真实,作品对人物生命历程的阐释处处彰显着尼采超人强力意志的影子,与同时代其它关注人民生存的作品迥然不同,显出自己的特异性。本文主要从生命意识角度结合具体文本对路翎四十年代和建国初期的小说作品进行研究,论文共分四章。第一章原始生命强力。生存需求作为人的最基本需求,是从事其它一切行为活动的基础,路翎作品着重表现普通大众为了生存而做出的种种选择,或选择忍受,或选择抗争……为了生存而不懈奋斗,激发出自身内部的激烈的原始生命强力。不同阶层的人做出的选择迥然不同,工人、农民为了基本的生存而反抗现实不公,知识分子和具有崇高信仰之人为了理想的实现而苦苦挣扎,每个人都在以自己的方式来阐释生命的意义。第二章死亡风景中折射的生命意识。生存与死亡是两个相对的概念,相互依存,死亡的存在反证了生命的珍贵,有时死亡反而成全了生命的价值,从一个个为生存而不断抗争直至死亡的故事中,我们可以感受到生命意识的强烈。路翎没有逃避死亡,而是直面死亡,全力去“战斗”,进行绝望的反抗,无论成败,战斗即胜利。死亡在路翎的笔下分为受迫死亡和主动赴死,内蕴着人民的不同选择,从某种意义上说,死亡是生命存在的一种独特的方式。第三章生命意识的重构:政治与生命。政治因素在人民生活中始终存在,或强或弱地影响着人民的生命状态,文学作品中也不例外,一方面,政治强力制约着人民的生活方式,控制人民的思想,造成一定的苦难,如政府的黑暗统治;另一方面,政治又在某种程度上帮助生命个体实现价值,如战争中军人的为国捐躯。路翎作品也受到政治的不同程度的影响,建国前后作品的巨大差异性,主要就是政治影响的结果,本章将结合具体文本进行对比,阐释作者笔下的政治与生命的关系。第四章沉重的生命。生命力的强弱关系到人民的生命存在状态,孱弱的生命是与具备原始生命强力的强势生命个体相对的,是充斥着“精神奴役创伤”的弱势生命个体,他们惧怕、痛恨强势生命,个体不敢与之对抗,但他们往往聚在一起,形成一股可怕的破坏力量,去摧残美好的事物,他们是一个个空具生命的木偶,由于愚昧造成一幕幕生命的悲剧。对弱势生命形态的改造任重而道远,路翎以手中的笔无情揭露社会中存在的诸多不健康的生命形态,揭开他们的伤疤,以引起疗救者的注意,其中有当权者的贪婪、残酷,也有受压迫者的麻木、奴性和愚昧,生命的存在何其沉重,国民劣根性毒害着一代代国民,严重影响着文明的进步。路翎的作品在表达方式和思想内涵上与传统文学有着迥异的差别,他不注重结构的完整性,常常以血淋淋的现实来表现生命存在的艰难,深入人们心灵的深处,触及人们的灵魂,以独具特色的“原始生命强力”和“精神奴役创伤”来阐释人民内心的痛苦与挣扎、抗争与死亡,鞭笞人民内心的国民劣根性,以达到警醒国民,令他们为美好生活而抗争的目的,创造完美的生命形态。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 1940s modern literature history of China, as the backbone of the July genre novel, Lu Ling is a unique existence. He works with a strong fighting spirit and the spirit of the subjective trauma of slavery deeply touches the soul of the readers, his works contains a completive edge, have strong subjective color, his works on in-depth and thorough analysis of national character, is unique in the literary world. His works show exists in life and dignity of the extreme concern, contain strong life consciousness and the highest real life, can saying is an epitome of social life in the areas rule by Nationalist party in the 1940s. His work style is changes in the founding of the People’s Republic of China , is more clear, but the inner life consciousness has still show sometimes, shows the different with contemporary works . This paper studies his works mainly from the life consciousness with specific text of the founding of People’s Republic of China and the 1940s, divides into four chapters.The first chapter: the original life force. Survival needs as the basic demand, is engaged in the basis of other behavior, Lu Ling’s works focus on the general public in order to survive and make all sorts of choice, or choose bear, or choose fight to survive, but struggles unremittingly for survival, inspires people’s own internal primitive life force. The different groups of people make different choices, the workers, the peasants fight for basic survival and justice, intellectuals fight for reality the ideal, and everyone is in its own way to interpret the meaning of life.The second chapter: the life consciousness reflects from death scenery. Life and death are two relative concepts, interdependent, the existence of death proves the life’s precious. From a precious life have fought for survival until death in the stories, we can feel a strong sense of life. Lu Ling didn’t escape from death, but rather to face death, to fight, for desperate revolt, no matter success or failure, combat will win. Death in Lu Ling’s paper divides into forced death and active death contains people’s different spirits choices. In a sense, death is life exists in a unique way.The third chapter: the reconstruction of the life consciousness with life and politics. Political factors in people’s life always exist, affect people’s lives or strong or weak, literary works is no exception. On the one hand, political power restricts the people’s way of life, and control the people thought, cause certain suffering, such as the government’s dark rule; On the other hand, politics help the individual life realize value to some extent, such as the soldiers sacrifice in the war. Lu Ling works are also influenced by politics, the works’great differences between pre-and-post liberation, is mainly the result of political influence. This chapter will compare the text in order to explain the relationship between politics and life.The fourth chapter: the heavy life. The strength of vitality related to people’s lives and existence state, compared with the strong lives,the weak lives fear and hate strong lives, individual can’t fight, but they often together, forming a stream of terrible destruction strength, to impact on fine things, they are dolls with empty lives, cause scenes of life tragedy. The task of remolding the national characters much still remains to be done, Lu Ling exposes 1940s’unhealthy life forms cruelly, uncovers their scars, to Cause the healer’s attention. In his works, there is the greed, brutal of the authorities, and the numbness, enslavement and folly of the oppressed, how heavy the existence of life is! National shortcomings are poisoning the generation of national, influence the progress of civilization seriously.Lu Ling’s works are different in the expression way and ideological content with traditional literature, he does not pay attention to the structural integrity, often represents the existence of life difficult by the bloody reality, deeply into the people’s hearts, touching people’s soul, with unique primitive life strength and spirit slavery to interpret the trauma suffering and struggle of people’s inner struggle and death, achieves the national fight purpose of better life, create perfect life forms.更多还原