【作者】 郭晓杰；

【导师】 曾祥华；

【作者基本信息】 江南大学 ， 马克思主义基本原理， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 作为市场经济和民主政治的产物,利益集团在美国等西方国家早已出现。在这些国家利益集团已经成为政治社会发展过程中的一支重要力量,其对立法的影响由来已久。利益集团参与政治过程,代替个人直接介入立法具有重要的意义。伴随着市场经济体制下社会利益日益多元化和民主政治的发展,我国利益集团开始涌现,在政策制定等过程中扮演着越来越重要的作用,并开始对我国立法产生影响。但是由于我国利益集团尚处在发展初期,利益集团的发展存在很多问题,这导致了我国利益集团立法影响具有了很多负面作用。本文在分析西方利益集团理论的基础上,通过考察西方社会利益集团对立法的影响及其规制措施,结合我国国情分析我国利益集团对立法的影响,研究和探讨我国利益集团与立法之间的互动机制,在抑制利益集团立法影响的负面作用的同时充分发挥利益集团对立法的积极作用。本文首先从利益集团概述出发,分别阐述了利益集团的概念、利益集团产生的条件、发展趋势以及有关西方利益集团的一些基本理论;其次再分析西方利益集团与立法之间的关系,主要介绍西方利益集团与立法之间关系的一般理论,并重点分析了西方利益集团立法影响的方式、对象和西方利益集团立法影响的积极、消极作用以及在此基础上对利益集团进行规制的理论和实践;再次从西方回归中国分析我国利益集团对立法的影响,在分析我国利益集团的发展现状的基础上阐述我国利益集团参与立法的法源空间、我国利益集团对立法的具体影响及利弊分析,并进一步探讨现阶段我国利益集团参与立法的困境及原因;最后,在认识到我国利益集团参与立法困境及原因的基础上,分别从如何培育多元化的利益集团发展模式和构建完善的利益表达机制两方面,思考对我国利益集团立法影响的规制以构建我国利益集团与立法之间的互动机制。由于目前我国利益集团还处在发展初期且不同利益集团之间发展极不平衡,导致了我国利益集团在立法影响上的不均衡,在强势利益集团可以垄断立法话语权的同时弱势利益集团却面临着缺乏利益表达渠道,立法的过程中利益表达表达严重不足的问题,利益集团对立法的积极意义还没有发挥出来。因此,必须对我国利益集团及其立法影响进行规制,以实现我国利益集团与立法之间的良性互动。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an outcome of market economy and democratic politics, interest group isn’t a new face to some western countries, which has became the vital strength pushing the social and political development, the influence it exerted on legislation has been existed for a long time as well. Undoubtedly, participating in the political procedure and legislation directly instead of individuals are of great importance. In China, with the development of democratic politics and the diversification of social interests under the system of market economy, interest groups are emerging, playing an ever-increasingly important role in the policy-making and the legislation processes. Nonetheless, being in the initial stage of development, interest groups have several problems, many negative effects are obvious on their influence on the legislation. Based on the analysis of interest group politics in western countries, this paper observes the interactive mechanism between interest groups and legislation through investigating the interest groups’influence and some regulation policies in western countries. Meanwhile, the author attempts to seek a way to try to restrain their adverse effects while making full advantage of the positive effects.This paper mainly includes four parts: Firstly, it illustrates the concept, tendency, cause conditions of interest groups as well as some fundamental theories about that. Secondly, the relationship between western interest groups and legislation are analyzed generally, some problems like how western interest groups influencing legislation and the active and negative factors interrelated, the theory and practice in regulating interest groups on top of it, etc. Thirdly, it reveals the legal system room for China’s interest groups to participating in legislation and the advantages and disadvantages of their influence on legislation after an in-depth analysis of China’s basic national conditions, the dilemma and reasons are also being illustrated. Finally, basing on the whole research above, the author ponders a pattern to regulate interest groups’legislation influence so as to build a interactive mechanism between interest groups and legislate via two factors: how to foster a pluralistic mode for them and how to construct a mechanism for the consummation of benefit expression.The conclusion of this paper is that owing to the interest group in China is staying in the initial stage of development and the extremely uneven growth of different ones, the influences of them on legislation are unbalanced. That means while assertive interest groups can monopolize the discourse power of legislation, inferior ones are meeting a shortage of benefit expressing channel, which may hinder the efficiency of interest groups positive effects on legislation. Therefore, it is well-advised to regulate interest groups’legislation influence on our country so as to achieve the benignant mutual promotion of them greatly.更多还原