【作者】 赵军；

【导师】 何萍；

【作者基本信息】 华东政法大学 ， 刑法学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 传销犯罪是一类严重危害人民群众财产安全的涉众犯罪,由于其具有组织上的封闭性、交易上的隐蔽性、传销人员的分散性等特点,加之目前我国市场发育程度低、管理手段比较落后,群众消费心理尚不成熟,不法分子利用传销进行邪教、帮会和迷信、流氓等活动,严重背离精神文明建设的要求,影响我国社会稳定;利用传销吸收党政机关干部、现役军人、全日制在校学生等参与经商,严重破坏正常的工作和教学秩序;利用传销进行价格欺诈、骗取钱财,推销假冒伪劣产品、走私产品,牟取暴利,偷逃税收,严重损害消费者的利益,干扰正常的经济秩序。因此,对传销经营活动必须坚决予以禁止。由于传销犯罪在中国出现的时间不长,相关的立法和司法实践一直处于探索之中。因此,在理论和实践中难免出现误区。最高人民法院《关于情节严重的传销或者变相传销行为如何定性问题的批复》规定对情节严重的传销行为适用非法经营罪,但这一罪名无法反映传销犯罪的本质特征,无法涵盖传销犯罪的全部类型。当司法实践中出现的传销犯罪以拉人头、收取入门费为主时,适用这一司法解释越来越困难。全国人大常委会2009年2月28日通过的《刑法修正案(七)》针对以骗取财物为目的的传销犯罪,将组织、领导者作为打击对象,对我国传销犯罪的刑罚体系进行了完善。本文从传销犯罪的基本问题入手,分析了两类性质不同的传销犯罪行为,阐明了传销犯罪的犯罪构成和法律适用中的相关问题。文章共包括四章:第一章选择了部分有代表性的国家和地区,结合我国现行有效的法律规定,对传销犯罪的概念进行了比较、借鉴。分析了我国传销犯罪的现状,从政治、经济、社会、文化四个方面阐明了传销犯罪的严重社会危害性。认为我国现阶段的传销犯罪呈现出的特点是:犯罪集团化、政治化,向黑社会性质组织发展;传播性强、传播速度快,呈现区域漂移性;欺骗性强,反侦察意识强,调查取证难度大。第二章将我国的反传销立法分为三个阶段,对我国反传销的立法进程进行了全面回顾,对现行有效的法律规范进行了梳理。认为我国的传销犯罪分为经营型传销和诈骗型传销两大类,《刑法修正案(七)》的出台并不是为了取代最高人民法院《关于情节严重的传销或者变相传销行为如何定性问题的批复》。对诈骗型传销适用非法经营罪并不合适,对经营型传销适用组织、领导传销活动罪也不合适,应当准确区分两类不同性质的传销犯罪,这是准确适用法律的前提。第三章对组织、领导传销活动罪的犯罪构成进行了解析。认为本罪侵犯的犯罪客体是公民的私人财产的所有权。本罪的客观方面是组织、领导传销活动的行为。“组织”的核心活动是发起、建立传销组织;“领导”的核心活动是对传销组织进行指挥、决策。本罪的处罚对象是“组织”、“领导”行为,而不是骗钱财物的行为。认为“传销活动”与“传销组织”具有本质上的一致性,对“组织”、“领导”应作限制性解释。认为本罪的“情节严重”不仅是加重处罚时应当考量的一个重要因素,而且也是入罪所无法忽视的重要因素。第四章对组织、领导传销活动罪和非法经营罪、诈骗罪、集资诈骗罪、非法拘禁罪等犯罪的相互关系进行了说明。认为对经营型传销犯罪只能适用非法经营罪,对诈骗型传销犯罪应当适用组织、领导传销活动罪。认为诈骗型传销犯罪和诈骗罪、集资诈骗罪均不构成法条竞合的关系,而是属于想象竞合犯,应当采用从一重处断的原则。诈骗型传销犯罪和其他诈骗罪也属于想象竞合犯,应按想象竞合犯的原理从一重罪论处。最后分析了传销组织内不同人员的刑事责任,认为只有组织、领导者需要对组织、领导传销犯罪的行为承担刑事责任,其他人员不是本罪的犯罪主体,但有可能适用其他罪名。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pyramid sales crime is a serious danger to property of the people,and it’s assemble a crowd to commit a crime. Because of closed organization,covert business,dispersed staff, together with market of development is backward,management means backward,consumer psychology is not yet mature people,lawless elements used these schemes to the cult, gang, and superstition, rogue activitiesa serious departure from the requirements of spiritual civilization,of social instability at present; used these schemes to absorb the party and government cadres, military service, full-time students to take partin the business, serious damage to the normal order of work and teaching;used these schemes to price fraud and swindling money, selling counterfeit and inferior goods, smuggling, product, profiteering and tax evasion, serious damage to the interests of consumers, interfere with the normal economic order; Therefore, the pyramid must be resolutely prohibited from operating activities.As the pyramid of crime occurs in China, not long, the relevant legislation and judicial practice has been in exploration.Therefore, in theory and practice inevitable errors. Supreme People’s Court "on the serious acts of pyramid schemes or disguised pyramid qualitative issues approved" provisions of the serious crime of illegal pyramid schemes apply, but that criminal charges can not reflect the essential characteristics of pyramid schemes, pyramid schemes can not cover all types of crime . When the judicial p ractice in criminal pyramid appears to pull the head, the main charge entry fees, the application of the judicial interpretation more difficult. NPC Standing Committee, February 28, 2009 by the "Criminal Law Amendment (7)" against claims for property crimes for the purpose of direct sales,Will be organized, the leader as the key areas of crimein our country against pyramid selling is an important legislation. In this paper, the basic problems of crime pyramid schemes, analyzes the two different types of pyramid selling crime, sets out the composition and pyramid schemes and crimes of the law applicable to the related issues. Articles include a total of four chapters:ChapterⅠselects a representative sample of countries (regions), combined with the legal provisions in force in China, and comparatively analyses the concept of crimeagainst pyramid schemes. It gives us an analysis of the status of current pyramid of crime, and illustrates the harm to the society caused by the pyramid of crime from the four aspects of political, economic, social, and cultural. The current characteristics of crime maintain in China shows: criminal grouping, politicalized, organizational development to the underworld; strong and high speed transmission, area drifting; deceptive strength, strong anti-detective awareness and difficult survey evidence from them.ChapterⅡdivides anti-pyramid scheme legislation into three stages in our country, conducts a comprehensive review of the legislative process of our anti-pyramid scheme, and combs the current norms in force. China’s crime of direct-sale business model is divided into two categories of fraud-based pyramid scheme and pyramid selling.“Criminal Law Amendment (7)" appears not to replace the Supreme People’s Court "On the reply to how to determine the nature of serious acts of pyramid selling or disguised pyramid schemes”.Based on fraudulent pyramid schemes are not suitable for illegal business on direct sales business model for organization, leadership pyramid schemes are inappropriate for the crime, the relationship between the two requirements are compatible and complementary. Should accurately distinguish between two different types of Pyramid Selling, which is exactly the premise of the applicable law.The third chapter of the organization, leadership constituted the crime of direct sales activities conducted analysis. That the criminal object of this crime is a citizen’s pri vate property rights. The objective aspect of this crime organization, the behavior of the leadership pyramid schemes, the core activities of the organization is to initiate the establishment of direct sales organization, leadership is the core of the activities of the command pyramid organization, decision-making. Punishment of the Crime of the object is "organization, leadership", and not money making property of acts. That "pyramid schemes" and "MLM organization" has the essence of consistency, organization, leadership should be interpreted restrictively.That the crime of "serious cases" is not only aggravating when an important factor should be considered, but also convicted an important factor which can not be ignored.ChapterⅣdescribe the relationship among Organization, leadership activities ofthe crime pyramid,Crime of illegal,crime of fraud,crime of illegal fund ,crime of unlawful detention.That business type on the pyramid of crime is only applicable to illegalbusinesson fraud-type crimes should be applied to organizational pyramid, pyramid schemes led crime.Fraud-based Pyramid Sellingcrime of fraud and crime of illegal fund do not constitute a relationship Lapping of Legal Provision,but belong to Imagine the relationship between competing,should be adopted from the principles of the felony.Fraud-based Pyramid Selling and Other Fraud also belong to Imaginative Joinder,should be punished Imaginative Joinder.Finally,Analysis Direct sales staff at different levels within the organization of criminal responsibility,think that only the organization, leaders need to organize, conduct leading marketing organization of criminal responsibility,Others are not the subject of Crime,but other charges may apply.更多还原