【摘要】 根据审级制度的一般原理，中国“以死刑复核、再审补充两审终审制”方案存在诸多副作用，对其改革不可避免。在新刑诉法实施背景下，审判中心主义包含“一审重心主义”审级原理，陪审制改革提出事实审与法律审的分离，而传统的一元上诉结构面临认罪认罚从宽制度的挑战，因此有必要重新检视刑事审级制度来回应司法改革需求。结合审级原理以及比较法经验，中国应当确立有限的三审终审制，以职能分层理念为指引，明晰各级法院的职能，允许当事人对具有法律续造意义的法律问题提起飞跃上诉；以速裁案件为界分，构建二元上诉结构；规范再审程序，限制再审程序的启动，使其从常规程序回归非常救济程序的本质。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the general principle of trial grade system, there are many side effects in China’ s judicial mechanism of “ supplementing the second-instance-being-the-final-instance system with death penalty review and retrial procedures ”, so it is necessary to reform this mechanism. Under the background of implementation of the new Criminal Procedure Law, trial centralism contains the trial grade principle of “ the focused first instance”. The assessor’s system reform proposes a separation in factual trial and legal trial, while the traditional unitary appeal structure faces the challenge of the leniency system for guilty pleas and punishment. Therefore, it is necessary to re-examine China’ s criminal trial grade system, and adjust it to meet the needs in judicial reforms. Combining with the trial grade principle and the experiences from comparative laws, China should establish a limited third-instance-being-the-final-instance system to clarify the functions of different hierarchical courts, and allow the parties to file a leapfrogged appeal on legal issues of legislation significance under the guidance of function stratification. Constructing the binary appeal structure by implementing the immediate judgment as a boundary, restricting the start of the retrial procedure and standardizing this system can restore retrial procedures to its essence of special remedy procedures.更多还原