【摘要】 以新建中卫至兰州铁路甘肃段为例，研究了弃土(渣)场水土保持措施体系布设及其防治效果。结果表明：弃土(渣)场周边截水沟及渣顶排水沟的设置能有效拦截上游降雨产生的汇流冲刷，排出渣场顶部雨水，避免雨水汇流后集中下渗产生陷穴等，在下游坡面顶部设置挡水埂能使坡面侵蚀量减少95%以上，水土保持效果显著；渣顶平整覆土后采用“田字格”状整地，能有效降低施工初期的水土流失并为植物生长创造良好微环境，是干旱半干旱区一种极为有效的水土保持整地模式；试验筛选发现相同栽植条件下四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)的成活率最高，平均可达91%,且养护管理要求低，柠条(Caragana korshinskii)成活率次之，撒播草籽成活率、保存率普遍较低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking the Gansu section of the newly built Zhongwei to Lanzhou Railway as an example,the paper analyzed the layout of soil and water conservation measures and their prevention and control effects in the spoil ground. The outcomes show that a) setting intercepting ditches around spoil ground and drainage ditches in the top of discard slag can effectively intercept the runoff washout by upstream rainfall,drain off the rain from the top of the slag yard,and avoid concentrated infiltration of rainwater and the formation of sinkholes; b) setting water retaining ridge in the top of the downstream slope can reduce slope erosion by more than 95%,and the effect of soil and water conservation is significant; c) after land leveling and covering soil in the top of the slag,using the grid shaped land preparation method can effectively reduce soil erosion and water loss in the early stages of construction and create the good environment for plant growth. It is an extremely effective land preparation model of soil and water conservation in arid and semi-arid areas; d) it is found that under the same planting conditions,the survival rate of Atriplex canescens is the highest,with an average of 91% and the demand of maintenance and management is low,followed by Caragana korshinskii,and the survival rate and preservation rate of grass seeds were generally low from experimental screening.更多还原