【摘要】 为了研究不同来源的地衣芽孢杆菌对常见致病菌的抑菌效果等生物学特性，试验采用细菌形态学、生理生化、16S rRNA基因测序、系统发育树分析、牛津杯抑菌试验等检测技术，对5株不同来源（鸡粪、羊粪、牛瘤胃内容物、猪肠内容物及土壤）的地衣芽孢杆菌进行了分离鉴定及体外抑菌活性检测。结果表明：5株分离株B₁₇（鸡粪）、B₃₀（羊粪）、B₃₂（牛瘤胃内容物）、B₃₅（猪肠内容物）和B₃₈（土壤）均可在LB固体培养基上生长，其中有3株不同来源的分离株B₃₀、B₃₅和B₃₈菌落形态相同；镜检可见分离株均为革兰氏阳性杆菌、均有近中生的孢子，符合芽孢杆菌的菌体特征；生理生化特性与芽孢杆菌相符；PCR扩增均得到约为1 500 bp的目的片段;所有分离株与GenBank中的地衣芽孢杆菌在同一簇，均鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌；在5株地衣芽孢杆菌中，除猪源地衣芽孢杆菌B₃₅外，其余4株均有抑菌作用，羊源及牛源地衣芽孢杆菌B₃₀及B₃₂的抑菌效果较好，抑菌范围更广泛。说明从羊粪及牛瘤胃内容物中分离出的地衣芽孢杆菌可作为益生芽孢杆菌控制病原菌，不同来源的地衣芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to investigate the biological properties of Bacillus licheniformis from different sources, such as the inhibition effect on common pathogenic bacteria, the experiment was performed by using bacterial morphology, physiological and biochemical test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic tree analysis, Oxford Cup inhibition test and other detection techniques; five strains of Bacillus licheniformis from different sources（chicken manure, sheep manure, cattle rumen contents, pig intestinal contents and soil） were isolated, identified and detected for in vitro inhibition activity. The results showed that five strains B₁₇（chicken manure）, B₃₀（sheep manure）, B₃₂（bovine rumen contents）, B₃₅（pig intestinal contents） and B₃₈（soil） could grow on LB solid medium, with three strains from different sources, B₃₀, B₃₅ and B₃₈, having the same colony morphology. The microscopic examination showed that the strains were all Gram-positive bacillus with subcentral spores, which were consistent with the characteristics of Bacillus; the physiological and biochemical characteristics were consistent with those of Bacillus; the PCR amplification yielded a target fragment of about 1 500 bp. All strains were in the same cluster with Bacillus licheniformis in GenBank and were identified as Bacillus licheniformis. Among the five strains of Bacillus licheniformis, except for pig-derived Bacillus licheniformis B₃₅, the other four strains had bacteriostatic effect, and sheep-and cattle-derived Bacillus licheniformis B₃₀ and B₃₂ had better bacteriostatic effect and a wider range of bacteriostasis. The results suggested that Bacillus licheniformis isolated from sheep manure and bovine rumen contents could be used as a probiotic Bacillus to control pathogenic bacteria, and different sources of Bacillus licheniformis had different bacteriostatic effect.更多还原