【摘要】 为了解无翼坡垒 (Hopea reticulate Tardieu) 的遗传多样性和不同龄级间的遗传结构，利用 11 对微卫星标记评估海南省甘什岭保护区的无翼坡垒的遗传多样性，并根据胸径将无翼坡垒划分为幼龄、中龄和成熟龄 3 个龄级，明确不同龄级间的遗传差异，探究其濒危机制，并从遗传角度提出保护策略。结果表明：无翼坡垒的等位基因数（N_a=3.636）和期望杂合度（H_e=0.599）低于同属的非濒危种 H. dryobalanoides(N_a=5.600,He=0.678），明显高于同属且同域分布的另一濒危种坡垒（N_a=2.417,H_e=0.432），但不同龄级的遗传多样性没有明显差异。无翼坡垒低频等位基因的比例明显低于龙脑香科的非濒危种，揭示种群很可能经历了瓶颈，种群规模缩小导致大量低频等位基因丢失。由于本种在甘什岭集中分布，现存个体数量比零星分布的坡垒更多，因此，遗传多样性较坡垒略高。基于微卫星变异研究的结果，建议在维持无翼坡垒现有变异的基础上，通过人工抚育，促进种群更新，恢复遗传多样性和进化潜力，实现无翼坡垒的稳定续存。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the genetic diversity of Hopea reticulata Tardieu and its genetic structure among different age groups, the genetic diversity of H. reticulate was assessed by using 11 pairs of microsatellite(simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers, and then divided into three age groups, namely juvenile,intermediate and mature groups, according to DBH to determine the genetic differences among different age groups. The mechanism of endangerment of H. reticulate was explored, based on which a strategy for conservation of H. reticulate was proposed from a genetic perspective. The results show that the number of alleles and expected heterozygosis of H. reticulate(N_a=3.636, H_e=0.599) were lower than those of H.dryobalanoides(N_a=5.600, H_e=0.678), but obviously higher than those of H. hainanensis(N_a=2.417,H_e=0.432). There was no apparent difference in genetic diversity and composition among the three age groups.The number of low-frequency alleles in H. reticulata decreased significantly compared with that of nonendangered species of Dipterocarpaceae. It is likely that many low-frequency alleles in H. reticulata were lost due to the reduction of population size caused by a bottleneck event. However, considering a relatively large population size, H. reticulata gave a higher genetic diversity than H. hainanensis. Based on the results of the genetic diversity analysis by using the SSR markers, it is suggested to promote the population renewal through artificial propagation to restore the genetic diversity and evolutionary potential for the stable survival of H.reticulate while maintain the existing variation of H. reticulate.更多还原