【摘要】 在德国应对科研不端行为,维护科研诚信的任务主要是由大学与科研机构来承担的。因为德国科学界认为,政府的管理不仅是不必要的,而且是效率低下的。为预防与惩治科研不端行为德国相继出台了三个应对科研不端行为的重要法规:一是,1996.12.11德国联邦最高行政法院的判决制定的处理科学不端行为的法律规范;二是,1997.11.14马普学会的评议会通过了"质疑科研不端行为的诉讼程序";三是,1998.1.19德国研究联合会的学术自我管理委员会详细阐述的"关于提倡良好科学实践和处理涉赚科研不端行为的指南"。这三项法规的出台,使应对科研不端行为成为有法可依的活动。它们界定了科研不端行为、规定了相应的调查程序、阐明了制裁的措施,具有较强的可操作性。几个著名实例说明了这一点。面对科研不端行为德国科学界重自我管理、重预防和对检举者的保护、责任划分明确等做法都是富有启示意义的。更多还原

【Abstract】 German universities and scientific institutions have done the main job of preventing and dealing with the scientific misconduct.They think ensuring research integrity is their own responsibility,as the scientific community consider the government’s management not only unnecessary but also inefficient.In Germany three important rules were announced to deal with scientific misconduct: First,the verdict of Federal Administrative Court of Germany enacted the legal norm for dealing with scientific misconduct on December 11,1996.Second,the council of Max Planck Institute passed "Legal Process of Querying Scientific Misconduct" on November 14,1997.Third,"About Advocate Good Scientific Practice and Guidelines for Dealing with the Scientific Misconduct" was approved by the Aacademic Self-regulating Committee of DFG on January 19,1998.The three rules have defined the scientific misconduct,and also illustrated investigation procedure and the measures about sanctioning the scientific misconduct.These rules and regulations have rendered laws for people to follow as regards scientific misconduct and proved to be applicable.Several cases can be cited as examples to illustrate the point.Concerning scientific misconduct,the experiences of autonomous management,emphasis on prevention,protection of accusers,specific duty allocation,etc.in the German scientific community can be enlightening to the present situation in China.更多还原