【摘要】 蜱作为一大类传播媒介，可传播多种病原体，如嗜吞噬细胞无形体和伯氏疏螺旋体，造成人和动物的无形体病和莱姆病，危害公共卫生安全。然而，化学药物的滥用导致蜱及蜱传病原体产生耐药性，而抗蜱疫苗存在一定的局限性，亟需找到有效且绿色安全的蜱和蜱传病的防控方法。一些病原体在传播过程中逐渐进化出特定机制，如调控蜱细胞凋亡、免疫逃避等促进其在蜱体内的生长发育；而蜱自身也产生了某些应对机制来抵御或协同传播病原体，如分泌外泌体小囊泡协同传播病毒，促进自身受感染细胞凋亡，分泌唾液蛋白调节宿主补体途径，形成肠道屏障等。本文对蜱传病原体的类型和危害、病原体经蜱唾液腺传播的相互作用机制以及蜱中肠屏障和肠道菌群与病原体增殖的相互关系共3个方面进行综述，希望能为后续防控蜱和蜱传病及抗蜱药物的相关研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a major class of vectors, ticks can transmit various pathogens, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi, causing anaplasmosis and Lyme disease in humans and animals, posing threat to public health. However, the misuse of chemical drugs has led to the development of resistance in ticks and tick-borne pathogens, and tick vaccines also have certain limitations, prompting the urgent need for effective, environmentally friendly, and safe methods for tick and tick-borne disease prevention and control. Some pathogens have gradually evolved specific mechanisms during transmission, such as regulating tick cell apoptosis and immune evasion, promoting their growth and development within ticks. Ticks themselves have developed certain defense mechanisms to resist or cooperatively transmit pathogens, for example, they secrete exosomes to co-transmit viruses, induce apoptosis in infected cells, and secrete salivary proteins to regulate the host complement pathway, forming intestinal barriers. This paper reviews three aspects: the types and hazards of tick-borne pathogens, the interaction mechanisms of pathogens transmitted through tick salivary glands, and the mutual relationship between tick midgut barriers, intestinal microbiota and pathogen proliferation. It is hoped that this review will provide reference for future research on tick and tick-borne disease prevention, as well as anti-tick drugs.更多还原