【摘要】 目的 探讨婴幼儿日均睡眠时间的分布特征及其与幼儿神经心理发育的关系。方法 选取2018年至2021年在上海市虹口区各社区卫生服务中心及妇幼保健所接受儿童常规保健管理且体检阶段为24月龄的婴幼儿为研究对象，共计纳入5 907名儿童。通过非参数检验比较儿童的睡眠时间分布特征，采用Logistic回归模型分析睡眠时间与儿童神经心理发育的关系。结果 24月龄幼儿睡眠不足（<11h/d）者共183名，占3.09%。儿童日均睡眠时间在不同胎次、出生体重、每日户外活动时间、体重情况、户籍情况等社会人口学特征间的差异均有统计学意义（Z/H值分别为2.262、16.052、116.736、18.765、199.999,P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示，在调整儿童出生时特征、出生后相关特征及家庭其他相关特征等混杂因素的影响后，较长的睡眠时间可降低儿童丹佛发育筛查测试（DDST）筛查异常(OR_Model4=0.52,95%CI:0.44～0.61)、筛查可疑(OR_Model4=0.42,95%CI:0.33～0.52)、筛查阳性(OR_Model4=0.47,95%CI:0.41～0.54)等不良结果的风险，对儿童的神经心理发育起到保护作用。结论 增加睡眠时间有利于儿童神经心理发育，应采取有针对性的措施来改善儿童睡眠时间以促进其神经心理发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of daily sleep duration and its relationship with toddlers′ neuropsychological development.Methods The 24-month-old toddlers who underwent routine physical examination and were at the stage of physical examination in community health service centers and maternal and child health centers in Hongkou District, Shanghai from 2018 to 2021 were selected as the study subjects.A total of 5 907 children were included.The distribution characteristics of sleep duration were analyzed by nonparametric test, and the relationships between sleep duration and children′s neuropsychological development was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model.Results A total of 183 cases of 24-month-old toddlers were with insufficient sleep（<11 h/d）, and the proportion was 3.09%.There were statistically significant differences of children′s daily sleep time in different parity, birth weight, daily outdoor activity time, weight, registered residence（Z/H=2.262, 16.052, 116.736, 18.765 and 199.999, respectively, P<0.05）.Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as children′s characteristics at birth, postnatal related characteristics and other family related characteristics, increased sleep duration could reduce the risks of adverse outcomes, including Denver Development Screen Test（DDST） abnormal screening(OR_{Model 4}=0.52, 95%CI:0.44-0.61), suspicious screening(OR_{Model 4}=0.42, 95%CI:0.33-0.52), and positive screening(OR_{Model 4}=0.47, 95%CI:0.41-0.54), and was a protective factor of toddlers′ neuropsychological development.Conclusion Increasing sleep time is beneficial to children′s neuropsychological development.Targeted measures should be taken to improve children′s sleep time in order to promote children′s neuropsychological development.更多还原