【摘要】 科学施肥是农业提质增效的重要手段和途径。为保护耕地地力，提高化肥利用率，促进农业提质增效，采取定田块、定农户入户调查的方式获取第一手数据，并对2006年、2021年、2022年3年的数据进行分析，结果表明：化肥用量大幅下降，2006-2022年，亩平化肥用量(折纯)下降了6.8 kg,下降率为22.3%;同时施肥结构和施肥方式也有很大改进，单质肥用量下降，复合肥、有机肥、中微量元素肥料用量上升，施肥方式也从传统的撒施方式向机械集中深施方式转变。因此，提出了化肥减量增效途径主要体现在“精准施肥减量增效”“调优结构减量增效”“改进方式减量增效”“多元替代减量增效”4个方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scientific fertilization is an important means and way to improve the quality and efficiency of agriculture. In order to protect the fertility of cultivated land, improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, and promote the improvement of agricultural quality and efficiency, the first-hand data were obtained by means of household survey of fixed fields and fixed farmers, and the data of 2006, 2021 and 2022 were analyzed. The results showed that the amount of chemical fertilizer used per mu decreased significantly. From 2006 to 2022, the amount of chemical fertilizer per mu decreased by 6.8 kg, with a decline rate of 22.3%; The amount of medium and trace element fertilizers has increased, and the fertilization method has also changed from the traditional spreading method to the mechanical concentrated deep application method. It is proposed that the ways of reducing and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers are mainly reflected in four aspects: "refinement, adjustment, modification and replacement".更多还原