【摘要】 内蒙高原天然碱湖主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地北部、二连盆地中部、巴丹吉林沙漠和海拉尔盆地东南部。面积一般为数平方公里至数十平方公里,多被沙丘所环绕。卤水矿化度为200—350g/L,pH=9.09～10.67,主要由Na⁺（K⁺）,C1^-,SO₄^2-,CO₃^2-,HCO₃^-组成,属Na-CO₃-SO₄-C1型。一般碱湖中有两层天然碱层,它们主要由泡碱、芒硝、石盐和天然碱组成。本区碱湖多形成于全新世早期,其天然碱层形成于全新世中晚期。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inner Monggolia plateau is one of the most important areas of salt lakes distributed in the country. Its trona deposits has long been known in the world.The soda lakes spread mainly over the north of Eerduosi basin, the central Erlian basin, the eastsouthern Hailaer basin and the Badanjiling desert. Generally, they cover an area from several to several dozen square kilometers, and being surrounded by sanddunes.The salinity of soda lake brines is 200-350 g/l, the pH value being 9.09-10.67. The brines mainly consist of Na+(K)+, Cl-, SO42, CO32 and HCO3-, which belong to the Na-CO3-SO4-Cl type.There are usually two layers of trona deposits in soda lakes on the plateau. The trona layer composes mainly of natron, mirabilite, halite and trona, and moreover interbeds with black mud which contains a lot of illite clay, much less gaylussite, dolomite and calcite. The trona layers always occur in the type of "bull’s eye pattern" in various lakes.Commonly, the soda lakes on the plateau were formed on the basis of deflation depressions from the beginning of Early Holocene. However, those trona deposits were precipitated mostly under the low temperature in the Mid-Late Holocene. This was also proved by our freezing experiments and sporo-pollen analysis.更多还原