【摘要】 秦及汉初国家在乡里设置两套平行的管理机构——乡部和田部,田部的吏员有田啬夫、田佐,里中有田典。县级总管农田水利事务的职官为都田啬夫。田部的职责主要包括计户授田,编订田籍;管理农田水利,督促生产;饲养官有牛马,保护耕牛不受伤害;征收田租和刍藳税等。田部之设源自国家授田,可以佐证授田制是当时实际实行的制度。西汉中期以后,随着授田制的废止和土地私有权的确立,乡里职事从简,田部并职于乡部,但县置都田啬夫一直存续至东汉。更多还原

【Abstract】 The two parallel administrations so-called XIANGBU and TIANBU were established in basis society of Qin and early Han Dynasties.The office-holder in TIANBU included TIANSEFU,TIANZUO and TIANDIAN as the office-holder in the lowest basis administration.The responsibilities of DUTIANSEFU included farmland and water conservancy in county.The responsibilities of TIANBU was to check residence,assign lands and work out the things about registered lands;arrange farmland and water conservancy and lead the farming;breed the cattle and the horse which belong to office and protect the cattle which were used to farming;collect taxation on hay and cereal crops and so on.The intimate relations between the TIANBU established the rights of farmland assigned to office,which proved that the office assigned to the land was truce system.But in interim and later Han Dynasties the system assigned to the land was abolished,the officials in XIANG minified,TIANBU and XIANGBU were combined.but the DUTIANSEFU being to the latest Han Dynasties.更多还原