【摘要】 朝向赤道的固定式光伏方阵最佳倾角除了取决于当地的气象和地理条件以外 ,还与负载的性质有关。研究了均衡性、季节性和临时性三种负载的特点。根据Hay提出的天空散射辐射各向异性的模型 ,计算了倾斜面上的太阳辐照量。分析结果表明 ,对于夏季耗电量多的“夏天型”负载 ,倾角应取方阵面上全年接收到最多太阳辐照量的角度 ,通常都小于当地纬度。对于冬季耗电量多的“冬天型”负载 ,在北半球 ,尽管 12月份耗电量最多 ,但不能取该月份接收到最多太阳辐照量的角度为方阵倾角 ,因为这样在夏天接收到的太阳辐射照量削弱太多。根据光控太阳能路灯的实例分析表明 ,“冬天型”负载所取方阵的最佳倾角比平均日耗电量相同的均衡性负载的最佳倾角 βopt大 5～ 10°较为合适更多还原

【Abstract】 The optimum tilted angle of fixed photovoltaic array toward the equator depends on the nature of loads besides the meteorological and geographical features,the characteristics of the three loads,balanced,seasonal and provisional,were studied. According to Hay’s anisotropic model of the sky diffuse radiation,calculation of total solar irradiation of tilted surface,and analysis concerned show that for "summer type" load,in which more power consumption is needed,tilted angle of receiving maximum annual solar irradiation on array surface should be taken,which is usually smaller than the latitude. For "winter type" load,in the northern hemisphere,in spite of the most power consumption in December,the tilted angle of array that receives maximum solar irradiation in this month is not to be considered owing to reduction of solar irradiation in summer.For example,the photovoltaic streetlights by beam control,better tilted angle of photovoltaic array is 5～100° larger than optimum tilted angle with steady load throughout a year.更多还原