【摘要】 20世纪50年代初期,杜鲁门政府开始将战略重点从欧洲转移到广大的中间地带,中东成为了美国与苏联争夺的焦点地区之一。为了控制中东,杜鲁门政府制定了针对中东的政策目标,试图通过军事、经济和心理手段将中东纳入西方阵营,完成对社会主义阵营的包围。为此,杜鲁门政府责成新成立的心理战略委员会制定了针对中东的PSB D-22心理战略计划,提出了通过公开的和隐蔽的心理战手段培养阿拉伯民众的亲美反共倾向,进而控制整个中东。艾森豪威尔上台后,继承并完善了杜鲁门政府的中东政策,进一步强调了心理战在实现美国中东政策目标中的重要作用,同时成立了行动协调委员会来加快实施PSB D-22心理战略计划。但是,由于美国坚持奉行亲英、以政策以及与中东国家在国家利益方面缺乏一致性,美国对中东的心理战行动未能取得预期的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the early 1950’s,Truman Administration began to shift its strategic focus from Europe to broad intermediate zones,so Middle East became one of regions the USA and the Soviet Union competed for.In order to bring Middle East,Truman Administration laid out the objective of its Middle East policy,trying to complete a siege around the socialist camp by including Middle East in the western camp by military,economic and psychological means.To fulfill the above aim,it instructed the newly-established psychological strategy committee to work out the PSB D-22 psychological strategic program to Middle East,which brought forward the psychological strategy that public and hidden psy-war means were to be taken to train the Arabic pro-American and anti-communist tendency so as to control the whole of Middle East.When taking office,Eisenhower carried on and completed Truman’s policy to Middle East and further emphasized the function of psy-war in fulfilling the objective of American policy to Middle East.Meanwhile,an operation-coordinating committee was founded to speed up carrying out the program.However,as the USA persisted in its pro-Anglican and pro-Israel policy,which was not in agreement with interests of Middle Eastern countries,its psy-war operation to Middle East failed to fulfill the intended end.更多还原