【摘要】 目前，抗菌药物的滥用造成了临床和环境中普遍存在的细菌耐药性问题，而细菌耐药性在环境中不断富集和传播扩散会通过食物网对生态安全及人体健康构成威胁。蜜蜂作为最重要的传粉昆虫，在世界各地广泛分布。然而，蜜蜂近年来频繁暴露于抗生素、杀虫剂和杀螨剂等药物，而野外杀虫剂的大量使用被认为是导致世界各地蜜蜂种群数量下降的关键因素。蜜蜂传花授粉的生物学特性使得蜂群与周围环境之间发生频繁的交流，可能导致蜜蜂传粉过程中蜂群与周围环境的交叉污染并发生细菌耐药性的传递。因此，蜜蜂可能成为生态系统中细菌耐药性传播的潜在“帮凶”。传粉蜜蜂介导下的细菌耐药性传播也将对蜂群健康、食品安全乃至生态系统安全构成威胁。本文综合国内外相关研究进展，系统分析了环境污染物暴露对蜜蜂以及蜜蜂肠道耐药基因组的潜在影响，并详细阐述了传粉蜜蜂介导下的细菌耐药性的传播，总结了蜜蜂主要通过蜜蜂-蜜蜂、蜜蜂-植物以及蜜蜂-环境的途径促进细菌耐药性的传播。最后，探讨了蜜蜂介导的细菌耐药性传播对蜂群健康、生态环境以及人体健康的潜在影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the abuse of antimicrobial drugs has caused widespread problem of bacterial resistance in the clinic and environment, and the continuous enrichment and spread of bacterial resistance in the environment can pose a threat to ecological safety and human health through the food web. Honeybees, as the most important pollinator, are widely distributed throughout the world. However, honeybees have been frequently exposed to antibiotics, insecticides, acaricides, and other drugs in recent years, and the extensive application of outdoor insecticides is considered to be the key factor in the decline of honeybee populations worldwide. The biological characteristic of honeybee pollination enables frequent communication between honeybee colonies and the surrounding environment, which may lead to cross-contamination between honeybee colonies and the surrounding environment and transmission of bacterial resistance during honeybee pollination. Therefore, honeybees could be a potential "accomplice" in the spread of antimicrobial resistance in ecosystems. The dissemination of antimicrobial resistance mediated by pollinating honeybees will also pose a threat to colony health, food safety and even ecosystem security. In this review, we synthesized relevant research progress at home and abroad to analyse the potential effects of environmental pollutants exposure on honeybees and their gut resistome. The dissemination routes of antimicrobial resistance mediated by pollinating honeybees were described in detail. We summarized that honeybees transmit antimicrobial resistance mainly through the honeybee-honeybee, honeybee-plant and honeybee-surrounding environment routes. Finally, we explored the potential impact of honeybee-mediated dissemination of antimicrobial resistance on honeybee colony health, ecological environment and human health.更多还原