【摘要】 作为运行较为成功的区域性人权司法机构,欧洲人权法院的司法实践能够在一定程度上表明当今人权保护的特点。欧洲人权法院与一些成员国的关系表明了人权保护相对性的现实需求,欧洲人权法院对边际裁量原则、比例原则的适用则表明了人权保护相对性的现实存在。欧洲人权法院的实践表明,由于各个国家对人权概念的理解、合理限制人权的认识、人权冲突的处理等方面存在差异,很难也不宜形成共识,所以,人权的实质性保护会因时间、地点不同而有所不同。因此,与其不断调整人权普遍性的含义,还不如直接承认人权保护相对性论述的合理性。这意味着,承认人权保护是全球治理的重要内容,但是各个国家应当能够自主决定人权概念的内涵和外延、限制人权的程度、个人人权与集体利益、公共利益之间的关系、处理人权冲突的方式以及发展人权的节奏。与着重研究发展中国家实践的文章不同,本文针对人权保护相对性的论述提供了崭新的论据和视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a relatively successful regional international court, the judicial practice of the European Court of Human Rights(ECHR) can, to a certain extent, demonstrate the characteristics of human rights protection nowadays. The relationship between the ECHR and some member states shows the practical need for relativism in the protection of human rights. The application of the "margin of appreciation" and the "principle of proportionality" by the ECHR constitutes the actual practice of such an approach. The ECHR’s judicial practice also shows that it is difficult and unreasonable to develop a unified code of conduct due to differences that countries have over the concept of human rights, the legitimate limitations of human rights, and the appropriate approach to handling of human rights conflicts. As a result, the substantive protection of human rights will vary according to time and place. Therefore, instead of constantly adjustingthe meaning of universal human rights protection, it is better to directly recognize the relative nature of the protection. This means while recognizing that human rights protection is an important part of global governance, each country should be able to determine the intension and extension of human rights, the extent to which limits can be placed on human rights, the relationship between individual human rights, collective interests and public interests, the ways to deal with human rights conflicts, and the pace at which human rights is promoted. Unlike studies that focus on human rights practices in developing countries, this article offers a new perspective and new evidence on the relative nature of human right protection.更多还原