【摘要】 稻麦轮作是我国黄淮稻区最重要的农业种植模式之一。缓释氮肥作为高效氮肥类型在单双季稻上均具有良好的增产增效作用,但在麦茬稻的肥效研究却鲜有报道,因此研究不同类型高效氮肥的肥效并筛选出合适的种类,对实现麦茬稻减肥增效具有重要意义。本研究通过大田小区试验,以不施氮和农民习惯施氮(普通尿素分次施肥)为对照,在氮肥用量减少20%及一次性施肥条件下研究三种高效氮肥(水性树脂包膜尿素、水性树脂+改性腐植酸包膜尿素、稳定性尿素)对麦茬稻生长中期叶绿素含量、植株氮含量、氮肥利用率、产量构成因子、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,与农民习惯施氮相比,三种高效氮肥提高了水稻生长中期的叶绿素含量;植株氮含量却未有明显变化,较好地实现了氮素供需在水稻生长时期的匹配,促进水稻的生殖生长,提高穗实粒数和千粒重;大幅提高氮肥利用率,增加水稻产量和经济效益。三种高效氮肥中,水性树脂+改性腐植酸包膜尿素表现最为突出,是实现水稻减肥增效的最佳选择,比农民习惯施氮氮肥利用率提高62.0%,产量增加4.6%,相对收益增加2 310.5元/hm2。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice-wheat rotation is one of the most important agricultural cultivation patterns in HuangheHuaihe-Haihe rice area of China. Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers as a type of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers have good effects on increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency( NUE) in single and double cropping rice production,but researches on fertilizer efficiency in the wheat stubble rice field were rarely reported. Therefore,it is of great significance to studying the fertilizer efficiency of different types of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers and selecting the appropriate kinds to achieve higher efficiency with less nitrogen application. In this study,field experiment was conducted to study the effects of three kinds of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer( waterborne resin coated urea,waterborne resin and humic acid coated urea and stable urea) on chlorophyll content,nitrogen content of plant,NUE,yield components,yield and economic benefits in wheat stubble rice under different treatments of 20% reduction in nitrogen application,one-off application of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer,no nitrogen and conventional nitrogen fertilization. The results showed that compared with conventional nitrogen fertilization,the chlorophyll content in the middle period of rice growth increased significantly under the three kinds of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer treatments,but the nitrogen content of rice plants did not change significantly,indicating that the three kinds of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer realized the matching of nitrogen supply and demand in temporal. The three high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer treatments promoted the reproductive growth so as to increase the grain number per ear,effective grain number per ear and 1 000-grain weight,and also greatly improved the NUE,yield and economic benefit of rice. Among the three kinds of high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers,waterborne resin and humic acid coated urea was the best choice to achieve nitrogen reduction and NUE increase in rice; compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment,the NUE,yield and relative income increased by 62. 0%,4. 6% and 2 310. 5 yuan/hm2,respectively.更多还原