【作者】 王俊梅；

【导师】 周宏；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2010， 硕士

【摘要】 捷尔吉·卢卡奇(Georg Lukacs,1885-1971)是匈牙利著名的哲学家、美学家、文学评论家和共产主义运动的领导者,西方“新马克思主义”思潮的创始人。卢卡奇一生经历坎坷,思想深邃,著述颇丰,其色彩也很不相同。出版于1923年的《历史与阶级意识》一书是系统研究马克思主义辩证法的重要著作,在该书中,卢卡奇试图通过黑格尔的辩证法和方法论来恢复马克思主义的革命本质,恢复被教条主义的马克思主义忽视的辩证法的生动本质,重新理解生动的辩证法,重新诠释马克思主义的哲学基础,从实践和历史的高度探讨历史和自然,提出了自己关于主客体的历史辩证法思想。本文认为卢卡奇的历史辩证法思想对于当代我们理解和发展马克思主义哲学都具有重要的理论启发和参考价值;对我们系统学习马克思主义辩证法思想,学习恩格斯自然辩证法的科学意蕴及当代价值;正确认识和反对把马克思主义教条化的“正统马克思主义”;正确认识和反对脱离了马克思主义学说本身研究辩证法的纯主观的辩证法思想有很大的启示意义。本文是以卢卡奇于1923年出版的《历史与阶级意识》一书为文献源,研究卢卡奇早期的历史辩证法思想,带着卢卡奇的历史辩证法思想,以及马克思主义辩证法特别是恩格斯辩证法思想,查阅国内外学术界有关研究卢卡奇早期的历史辩证法思想的书籍、文章和论文,探索卢卡奇辩证法思想的积极意义。本文指出卢卡奇的历史辩证法是建立在其总体性原则(即由主客体结合的辩证法表现出来)的基础之上的。这完全符合马克思主义历史辩证法的实质。论文包括五个部分:第一部分:绪论,论述本文的选题依据、国内外研究现状以及本论文的研究思路和研究方法。第二部分:卢卡奇早期辩证法思想产生的历史背景。分别从卢卡奇早期辩证法思想产生的理论背景、实践活动以及时代原因和现实基础来论述。第三部分:卢卡奇早期辩证法思想的内容。系统阐述卢卡奇早期辩证法思想的主要内容,从卢卡奇对历史概念的理解入手,重点阐述卢卡奇的总体性辩证法的具体含义。指出卢卡奇早期辩证法是以历史为逻辑起点,以总体性原则为核心的历史辩证法。它强调辩证法的历史性、总体性、革命性、批判性,反对马克思主义的自然主义和教条主义倾向,主张马克思主义的人道主义解释,开创了黑格尔主义马克思主义的传统。最后阐述卢卡奇早期辩证法的实质也就是总体性。第四部分:卢卡奇早期辩证法思想存在的问题与原因。主要从卢卡奇对恩格斯自然辩证法思想的误解以及对唯物史观理解上的失误两方面,客观评述他的早期辩证法思想,力求还其早期辩证法思想一个真实且合理的历史地位。第五部分:卢卡奇早期辩证法思想的理论影响与实践启示。卢卡奇试图通过黑格尔来恢复被第二国际的正统马克思主义遗忘的马克思辩证法的革命本质。本文揭示了卢卡奇早期辩证法思想对我国社会主义建设的启示以及对西方马克思主义产生的影响;指出他的辩证法特别是其早期辩证法思想对于指导当代人走出认识误区,客观理解、学习马克思主义理论,充分发挥人的主体性作用具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Georg Lukacs(1885—1971) was a famous philosopher, aesthetician, leader of communist movement, and father of trend of the western new Marxism of Hungary. Lukacs got through all his life together, and he was a man with profound thought and created many works in different kinds of style. History and Class Consciousness, published in 1923, was an important work that studied systematically about Marxist dialectics. In the book ,Hegel tried to recover the revolutionary nature of Marxism and the lively nature of dialectics which were ignored by the dogmati Marxism. Hegel understood the lively dialectics and defined the philosophic basis of Marxism all over again, offered his own thought of historical dialectics about subject and object, and discussed the history and nature from a high sense of practice and history. The thesis believes that the thought of historical dialectics from lukacs plays an important role in the theoretical enlightenment and value indication for the contemporary people to well understand and develop the philosophy of Marxism. It also has much enlightening meaning for us to study the Marxist dialectic indeas systematically, to study the scientific connotation and the contemporary value of engels natural dialectics, to understand correctly and oppose the study of the pure subjective dialectic ideas which separeted the Marxist theory itself .The thesis is based on the History and Class Consciousness published in 1923 by Lukacs. The thesis studies the primitive thought of historical dialectics Lukacs,with Lukacs historical dialectic ideas and Marxist dialectics,especially Engels dialectic ideas , refer to the books ,articles and thesis which studied the Lukacs primitive thought of historical dialectics were built on the basis of its general principle(shown by the dialectics which combined subject with object), which satisfied the nature of Marxist historical dialectics completely.The thesis contains five parts:Part 1: Introduction is a part talked about the base of selecting the subject matter, the research condition at home and abroad, and the thinking and method of scientific research of this thesis.Part 2: The historicakl background of Lukacs primitive dialectic ideas when it produced. It talks about from the theoretical background, the practical activities, the reason of age and the realistic foundation, which were produced from Lukacs primitive thought of dialectics.Part 3: The content of Lukacs primitive dialectic ideas. It represents systematically about the mainly concent of Lukacs primitive dialectic ideas from Lukacs’understanding of the concept of history, and the specific implication of Lukacs’general dialectics is the important point to represent. Also it points out the Lukacs primitive dialectics is a historical dialectics which used hitory as a logic starting point and used general principle as a core. It emphasizes the historical, totality, revolution and criticalness of dialectics, claims the explanation of Marxist humanitarianism rather than the tendy of Marxist naturalism and dogmatism, and initiates the tradition of Hegelianism and Marxist. In the end, it represents the nature of Lukacs primitive dialectics was totality. Part 4: The existent problems and causes of Lukacs primitive dialectics ideas. Mainly from Lukacs misunderstanding of Engels natural dialectic and the mistake to the study and understand of Marxism thoes two aspects, its objective observation of Lukacs primitive dialectic ideas aims at giving back a real and resonable historical position to the primitive dialectic ideas.Part 5: The theoretical effect and practical enlightenment of Lukacs tried to recover the nature of revolution of Marxist dialectics whuch was forgotten by the in stitutionalMarxism of the second international. The thesis reveals the enlightenment of Lukacs primitive dialectic ideas on Chinese construction of socialism and the effect on western Marxism, points out the importance of the theoretical and practical significance on guiding contemporary people getting rid of misknowledge area, understanging objectively and studying the theory of Marxism.更多还原